Experiments on Commercial 18650 Cells

Video of nail penetration, which was performed to investigate the safety behavior of a cell under penetration of a strong nail into the cell, is shown in the results section of this article. Prior to the test, the cell was fully-charged at a rate of C/6. Once the desired state of charge was reached, the cell was carefully placed and safely fastened on to a specially designed stand. The thermocouple was placed behind the cell, which makes it not visible in the attached video. During the nail penetration test, the cell was perforated with nail and the position of the nail was 

Post rate capability tests indicated that the cathode material did not undergo any degradation during high discharge rates. 

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Based on their previous experimental results, Prakash et al. [39] proposed that a possible mechanism leading to the thermal runaway of the layered cathode consists of the following four steps  

The continuous reaction of the oxygen with EC and possibly EMC releases combustion heat in the system and raises the temperature. 

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