Experiment at different speeds

Archibald Experiments, Sedimentation Equilibrium Experiments at Different Speeds, and Light Scattering Experiments The analysis of a mixed association described by Equation 1 is similar for these three... 

With sedimentation equilibrium experiments at different speeds one can also use... 

Analysis from Archibald Experiments or from Sedimentation Equilibrium Experiments at Different Speeds. This discussion here is illustrated by the association described by Equation 1. When vA vB and 7 b, analogs of Equations 17 and 18 will yield Mieq when extrapolated to zero time. Similarly, Mieq will also be obtained from the analog of Equation 13 when values of Mi, are extrapolated to zero time. For this situation... 

A similar equation results for cBrm. Now a priori we do not know (d In Ja/dcB), cAr, cBr, or K we do not know BAa and Bbb (see Equations 67 and 68) from measurements on pure A and pure B. We have no way of knowing ir a priori, so we cannot use equations similar to 28 or 31. Similar considerations apply if vA vB and = b- Thus, it appears at present that we are forced to use the Archibald experiment or sedimentation equilibrium experiments at different speeds to analyze mixed associations when one is restricted to Rayleigh and/or schlieren optics. 

Analysis by the Archibald Method or by Sedimentation Equilibrium Experiments at Different Speeds. Instead of using Mweq here, one uses Mwa, the apparent weight-average molecular weight. For the Archibald experiment one obtains Mwa,t at rm or r6 by the application of Equations 13-16. The extrapolation of Mwa>t to zero time gives Mwo. For sedimentation equilibrium experiments at different speeds, one can evaluate Mwa by two different methods here one uses either Equations 17 or 18. For a mixed association such as A + B AB, the basic sedimentation equilibrium equation can be written as... 

For the sedimentation equilibrium experiments at different speeds one could use A(cMwMz)app, the nonideal analog of A(cMwMz) or A(Sc Mi2),... 

We have seen that effusion reveals that the average speed of molecules in a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of their molar mass. In effusion experiments at different temperatures, we find that the rate of effusion increases as the temperature is raised. Specifically, for a given gas, the rate of effusion increases as the square root of the temperature ... 

Method 2. Follow the procedure of Albright and Williams (25) and do sedimentation equilibrium experiments on the same solution at different speeds. Then calculate Mw app(cell) from... 

The quantity cMweq can also be evaluated from sedimentation equilibrium experiments done at different speeds on the same solution. Here one gets to sedimentation equilibrium with a given solution at one speed the necessary information (concentration and/or concentration gradient) is recorded. Then the speed is changed once sedimentation equilibrium is attained at the second speed, c and/or dc/dr are recorded. This procedure is repeated at two or more additional speeds. Then one calculates Mw (cell mass) or Mw (cell vol) from the following equations ... 

Getting these depth numbers is very important, because every person is unique in his reactions while hypnotized. Some people react at different speeds than others some react to a particular hypnotic experience by going deeper into hypnosis, others sometimes find the depth of their hypnotic state decreased by the same experience. Thus by getting these state reports from you every so often I can tell whether to go a little faster or slower, where to put emphasis in the suggestions I use to guide you, etc. These depth reports are not always what I expect, but it s more important for me to know where you really are than just assume you re there because I ve been talking that way ... 

The first important experiments on electrophoresis were carried out by the Swedish physical chemist Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius (1902-1971), who in 1937 made electrophoresis a powerful technique for studying mixtures of proteins. He devised a special type of U-tube, shown schematically in Figure 11.20, along which the protein molecules move under the influence of an electric potential. Different proteins will move at different speeds. The tube consisted of portions fitted together at ground-glass joints, so that one of a mixture of proteins could be isolated in one chamber. Optical methods are used to determine the quantity of each protein present in the mixture. 

Fig. 6.6.13 Experimental data and fitted model (—) of anthracene degradation in batch experiments at different conditions of agitation speed and silicone oil volume 200rpm —...

When a spread is deteeted on a multi-can gas turbine, it is not straightforward to judge the source of the problem (faulty combustor). This is the case, because the thermocouples are not placed adjacent to the combustor cans. Hence, a rule is developed to trace back the anomaly at the exhaust to the faulty combustor. This was done using an experiment during a shut-down period to simulate faults in one combustor and record the thermocouple readings at different speeds and discharge pressures. A correlation was obtained, which can be used in the rule engine to identify the faulty combustor in the event of a real spread. 

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