Exogenous GM-CSF

Shi, F.-S., Weber, S., Gan, J.,Rakhmilevich, A.L. andMahvi,D.M. (1999)GM-CSF secreted by cDNA transfected tumor cells induces a more potent antitumor response than exogenous GM-CSF. Cancer Gene Then, 6, 81-88. 

Neutralizing antibodies against GM-CSF are invariably present in sera and BALE from patients with iPAP and are absent in other lung disorders (20,21,23,24,41) (discussed in detail in the section on pathogenesis). Characteristically, patients with iPAP also lack a hematopoietic response to exogenous GM-CSF and do not show expected increases in their peripheral white blood cell count (32,41). 

Fig. 3. Effect of exogenous BSA on the production and stability of plant-produced human GM-CSF [12] and IL-4 [10]. Square symbols represent GM-CSF production and circles represent IL-4 production. Open symbols indicate added BSA. Sterilized BSA was added to media prior to inoculation at a concentration of 100 mg 1 1 For GM-CSF, adding BSA increases the level of extracellular protein. For IL-4 there is no significant effect...

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