Exits towards a sustainable future

The above list of effects reveals that transport and its environment do not suffer from a single problem, but from several heterogeneous effects caused by different modes and affecting different population groups or environmental sectors with individual 

Policy instruments (see Table 19.5) to meet the various sustainability targets may be classified into infrastructure investment, traffic demand management (TDM), regulation, pricing and support research and development (R D) in new technologies. Each of these measures consists of several variants, which will, however, not be considered in detail in this volume. The following matrix undertakes an attempt to propose the appropriateness of the various classes of policy measures to meet specific subobjectives of a sustainable transport development. 

Financial — New investment ++ More efficient ++ Revenues, better 0 0 

Congestion + Effective problem ++Access or speed ++ Time-variant 0 + Telematics, 

Safety + Safer roads + Smoother traffic + Risk-dependent ++ Weight and speed + Driver assistance 

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