Exhaust flange

Curves of the allowable inlet and exhaust flange forees and moments shall be provided. 

The activity of the 4.5-in. honeycombs with copper chromite as the active catalyst, when mounted 4 in. from the exhaust flanges of a vehicle and when used with low sulfur fuel (144 ppm S), appears to be somewhat less than that of a Pt honeycomb (for which we would expect >90% CO conversion and >80% HC conversion in the tests of Table VII). 

When calculating the velocity potential at a point near an infinitely flanged exhaust opening, the hood face can be assumed to be divided into many area sinks, each of them contributing to the potential at a point in space. The overall velocity potential is then obtained by integrating over the inlet area. The velocity component in the. v direction, for example, is then... 

Flow Past a Point Sink A simple potential flow model for an unflanged or flanged exhaust hood in a uniform airflow can be obtained by combining the velocity fields of a point sink with a uniform flow. The resulting flow is an axially symmetric flow, where the resulting velocity components are obtained by adding the velocities of a point sink and a uniform flow. The stream function for this axisymmetric flow is, in spherical coordinates. 

This solution gives unequivocally the effective control range of both unflanged and flanged openings when the exhaust flow rate and velocity of the idealized cross-draft are known. The distance from the hood opening to the dividing streamline for a hood in uniform flow perpendicular to its axis is thus... 

This type of dependence of capture efficiency on the exhaust flow rate and cross-draft velocity has also been seen by Fletcher and Johnson who determined the capture efficiency of a flanged square exhaust hood in a cross flow. 

Equations for centerline velocity outside circular, square, rectangular and slot exhausts without and with flanges are presented in Table 10.3. These equations have been chosen to have as large an application as possible. For very detailed calculations it is recommended that the original research references be consulted. 09,40... 

Rim exhausts are slot hoods located on or around the edge of a source such as an open surface tank. Flanges may be added to decrease the airflow from behind the slot (uncontaminated air) and therefore increase the airflow from in front of the slot (contaminated air). The plenum downstream of the slot, if located above the slot, may act as a flange. Flanges may also be added to the sides of the source (tank) away from the slot hood. These flanges also act to increase the flow of contaminated air into the tank. Tank flanges, however, may interfere with process activities by limiting access to the tank. 

The pressure loss associated with this type of exhaust opening is the sum of two pressure losses. The slot hood is usually thought of as a sharp-edged orifice and the duct entry (from the slot plenum) is a flanged opening. The rec ommended hood entry loss is given by Eq. (10.56) - ... 

A schematic diagram of the version of the Aaberg slot exhaust (ASE) system is shown in Fig. 10.81. It consists of a horizontal bench to which a vertical flange is attached, housing a rectangular exhaust slot and jet nozzle. Figure 10.82 shows the two-dimensional geometry and the coordinate system of the ASE model. 

Again, as described earlier, we model the exhaust opening as a finite circular opening across which the fluid flows with a constant speed. The axis of the coordinate system is a streamline which we take to be R = 0 and on the surface of the flange of the Aaberg exhaust system is also a streamline on which = 0, due to the nondimensionalization given in Eq. (10,112). Further, at the outer edge of the et, which we assume to be at d> — 0—i.e., it is assumed that the jet is infinitesimally small—the boundary condition (F.q. (10.119)) is appropriate. 

Figure 14-16F. Cutaway of large steam turbine, multistaged, multivalve, for driving mechanical rotating equipment. Connection to mechanical driven equipment shaft shown as a flange joint on right end of turbine shaft. Exhaust steam is at lower right, inlet steam is at bottom center near smaller wheels. (Used by permission Bui. 8908-E0MD. Dresser-Rand Company.)...

The appropriate gas mixture can be supplied to the center of the reactor (4 in Fig. 6) via holes in the lower electrode (2 in Fig. 6). and is pumped out through the space between substrate electrode and the reactor wall to the exhaust (5 in Fig. 6). Alternatively, the gas mixture can be supplied horizontally, parallel to the electrodes, through a flange in the reactor wall, positioned between the electrodes (perpendicular to the plane of the cross section in Fig. 6, not shown). In this case, the gas is pumped out at the opposite side of the supply. 

The flange leak was taped over, and the exhaust-steam pressure dropped back to 100 mm Hg. The steam required to drive the turbine fell by 18 percent. This incident is technically quite similar to losing the downcomer seal on a distillation tower tray. Again, it illustrates the sort of field observations one needs to combine with basic technical calculations. This is the optimum way to attack, and solve, process problems. 

I —4, four stages in series each of the type shown in Fig. 2.29.1 5, drive 6, thermo switch, indicating deviations from normal operation 7, flange of the suction line 8, flange of the exhaust line (Figure from [2.25]). 

Measurements of temperature and CO concentrations of the off-gas were made using the TDL sensor along a horizontal line of sight at a "break-flange" mounted on the debris collection drop-out chamber downstream of the EAF (Figure 14.9). The motivation for these measurements in the EAF is for postcombustion control to recover energy from unburned CO in the exhaust using O2 injection. 

Independent of the type of PVD method used to deposit a film or a film system, the deposition process is carried out in a sealed chamber which is first exhausted to a pressure of the order of 10 5 mbar or even lower values. The glass chambers used formerly have been replaced, with the exception of glass recipients for special purposes, such as apparatus for electron microscopic preparation techniques, by those of metal. Cylindrical and cubic chambers made of stainless steel provided with various flanges and windows are used today. The walls of the chambers can be heated and cooled by water running through double-wall constructions or in brazed-on half-round pipes fitted on the outside. The vacuum chambers are evacuated by different pumping systems. The simplest consists of a diffusion pump with or without a liq-... 

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