Exercise testing training effect

Dodd et al.48 tested 17 moderately trained males for V02 max and time to exhaustion on a bicycle ergometer. Experimental trials involved the administration of 3- or 5-mg/kg caffeine 1 h prior to testing. Caffeine had no effect on exercise performance. Since nearly half of the subjects were caffeine naive (<25 mg/d), while the other half were caffeine tolerant (>310 mg/d), the researchers were able to conclude that even though caffeine had no significant effects on performance, it did produce a variety of physiologically significant effects (heart rate and expired ventilation volume) in the caffeine naive group. 

The second application is in the non-destructive testing of welds where a very powerful gamma ( ) source is used. Because of its penetrating powers and the effects its rays have on human organs, very strict controls must be exercised in its use. Such operations are usually under the control of a specially trained operator and the areas in which testing is occurring should be cordoned off. The relevant precautions are detailed in Regulations whose requirements must be complied with. 

Vegetarian athletes have a limited choice of protein sources, especially if they are vegan. These athletes would almost require the inclusion of soy protein in their diet to be able to consume an adequate protein intake. While it appears that soy protein may not be the ideal choice for maximal muscle PS, it has been shown to be viable as a sole source of dietary protein. Studies have been conducted where soy protein was used to replace other protein sources without negative effects on the subjects. However, these tests were conducted in nonexercising individuals. As shown by Phillips, soy protein may not be the optimal choice for athletes and those seeking increased muscle mass. Additionally, because both resistance and cardiovascular exercise alone can decrease cardiovascular risks, " the benefits of including soy in the diet of an athlete may not be worth the potential decrease in attained muscle mass. However, sedentary persons may notice less of the diminished effect of soy protein intake than highly trained and competitive athletes. 

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