Excretory rhythms

Excretory Rhythms Determined in Adults during a Normal Daily Routine ... 

Cardiac index and blood pressure must be sufficient to ensure adequate organ perfusion, as assessed by alert mental status, creatinine clearance sufficient to prevent metabolic azotemic complications, hepatic function adequate to maintain synthetic and excretory functions, a stable heart rate and rhythm, absence of ongoing myocardial ischemia or infarction, skeletal muscle and skin blood flow sufficient to prevent ischemic injury, and normal arterial pH (7.34 to 7.47) with a normal serum lactate concentration. These goals are most often achieved with a cardiac index greater than 2.2 L/min/m2, a mean arterial blood pressure greater than 60 mm Hg, and PAOP of 25 mm Hg or greater. 

The biochemical composition of mine varies considerably from species to species and also with the age of the animal as almost all species have age-related changes in renal function. Rats and other rodents have much higher levels of taurine, citrate, succinate, 2-oxoglutarate and allantoin than humans and this is clearly apparent in the H NMR spectra. Rat urine (and that of other rodents) is generally much more concentrated than human urine, and so NMR signal-to-noise ratios may be better for many metabolites. All animals have physiological processes which are modulated by biological rhythms. This includes excretory processes and the urinary composition of an... 

Aono H and Aeaki S (1988) Circadian rhythms in the urinary excretion of heavy metals and organic substances in metal workers in relation to renal excretory mechanism profile analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 60 1-6. 

The final resolution to the question of the exact nature of acid produced by the stomach was provided in 1823 by William Prout, a brilliant physidan with diverse interests outside of medidne. Prout was productive in the fields of chemistry, meteorology, physiology, and clinical medicine. In addition, he was one of the first scientists to apply chemical analysis to biologic materials. He was, thus, able to demonstrate circadian rhythms in his own expired carbon dioxide as well as to propose that the destruction of tissues produced excretory materials, such as uric acid, urea, and carbonic acid. In 1827, he developed a classification of foods into subgroups saccharinous (carbohydrates), oleaginous (fats), and albuminous (proteins). 

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