Evolutionary factors

The acquisition and assimilation of bioelements are the most fundamental processes in an organism s struggle for life. It is therefore obvious that in complex natural systems the competition between thousands of species for limited quantities of a small number of elements is a major evolutionary factor. However, the individual contributions of the physical and biochemical aspects of nutrition to the fitness of an organism are widely unknown. The frequent observation that biodegradation processes, e.g. in soil remediation, are limited by physical obstacles to substrate acquisition, rather than by biochemical incapacities, points at the importance of substrate mobilisation strategies. 

The four evolutionary factors responsible for genetic variation in populations are ... 

Abstract Alkaloids are a special group of secondary compounds and are part of an organism s adaptation mechanism to its living environment. They are not toxic when stored, but become toxic as a result of cell pH change. The defensive function of alkaloids is only secondary, and connected to internal immune and regulation processes. Animal responses to alkaloids are very diverse. Some animals can tolerate alkaloids relatively well, while others are harmed or even poisoned by them. Animal behaviour in relation to alkaloids depends on evolutionary and co-evolutionary factors. Sequestration of alkaloids is connected with these processes. Alkaloids are a part of plant-derived nutrition. A selective toxicity of these compounds in vertebrates is clearly observed. Vertebrates have the capacity to recognize alkaloids. 

Animal responses to secondary compounds, including alkaloids, are as diverse as natural chemicals. In the case of alkaloids produced by plants, animal responses depend on evolutionary and co-evolutionary factors. Some animals tolerate alkaloids relatively well, while others have well-developed detoxification systems. 

Some familiar motivational patterns are classified in the table, according to the probable periodicity of the preference involved. Actual cycle durations probably form a continuum, more or less smooth as particular evolutionary factors have dictated but it will be illustrative to describe five ranges of this duration, defined by how the... 

There are a large number of named methods in the literature, but they are based mainly around certain main principles of evolutionary factor analysis, whereby factors corresponding to individual compounds evolve in time (or any other sequential parameter such as pH). 

A.K. Elbergali and R.G. Brereton, Influence of Noise, Peak Position and Spectral Similarities on Resolvability of Diode-Array High-Performance Liquid Chromatography by Evolutionary Factor Analysis, Chemometrics Intelligent Laboratory Systems 23 (1994), 97-106. 

Overlapping bands can become a problem when, for example, there are two consecutive electron-transfer reactions [137]. One solution is to look at the time-or potential-resolved spectra [138], Overlapping bands are often responsible for nonlinear Nemstian plots in OTTLE studies [139]. There are only a few examples of the use of differentiating the absorbance [134], least-squares analysis [140], of the latest chemometric techniques [141]. In the latter study, evolutionary factor analysis of the spectra arising from the reduction of E. coli reductase hemoprotein (SiR-HP ) in which three species are present and the reduction of the [Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2] (four species present). The most challenging part of the work was the determination of the transformation matrix. 

Adaptation of embryogenesis to a new environmental evolutionary factor -Is it possible ... 

The application of evolutionary factor analysis (FA) methods to spectroscopic problems is reviewed by Malinowski. Evolutionary FA methods offer solutions to the problem of analyzing totally unknown complex mixtures. These are mixtures containing unknown quantities of an unknown number of unknown components. No model for peak shape is required for these methods to work, that is, they are self-modeling. Deconvolution of overlapped peaks in HPLC is the type of data analyzed. 

E. R. Malinowski, in Computer-Enhanced Analytical Spectroscopy, H. L. C. Meuzelaar and T. L. Isenhour, Eds., Plenum, New York, 1987. Evolutionary Factor Analysis in Analytical Spectroscopy. 

Records of Climatic Change and Isopentenoid Distributions Third, a final consideration pertinent to examination, evaluation and elucidation of the geological history of isopentenoids is the assessment of controls other than evolutionary factors... 

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