Evolution strategy production

Figure 6.7 Directed evolution strategy to improve E. coli DERA s stability in the presence of chloroacetaldehyde (ClAA, left) and its productivity in the reaction to monoaldol 7 and lactol 1 (right).

Based on these arguments, we developed the simple directed evolution strategy illustrated in Fig. 1 [2, 6], In comparison to the enzyme performing a function for which it is selected in nature, the new job is performed poorly indeed. Beneficial mutations will be identified during screening the products of... 

It should be pointed out that a similar approach to the MMF technique, FBA-based technique such as OPTKNOCK also seeks to design engineered strains to couple growth and product formation and employ the metabolic pathway evolution strategy to improve the strain performance, e.g. development of an engineered and evolved E. coli strains for improved production of lactate (Fong et al. 2005), 1,4-butanediol (Yim et al. 2011), and various flavonoids (Fowler et al. 2009). 

Replacement of coded L-amino acids with d-amino acids is a common strategy in peptide drugs. However, it must be stressed that D-amino acids are far from unknown in nature and can even be found in animal peptides, where they are usually formed from L-amino acids by a post-translational reaction [208], It appears that this mechanism increases the structural diversity of products that can be synthesized from one gene, thus increasing the scope of evolution by natural selection. In other words, the incorporation of D-amino acids into peptides is a strategy discovered by evolution and rediscovered by chemists. 

Such strategies attempt to combine prior experiential knowledge and available processing models to predict product quality so that any deviations from the quality specifications can be detected and corrected before the processing is completed. This chapter examines the evolution of these intelligent processing strategies and the current research in this field. 

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