Evidence exception reporting

Miller and Stiles (1963) generated benzyne by decomposition of benzenediazonium carboxylate and found that it adds to benzene at 45° to give the 1,4- and 1,2-adducts in the ratio 1 4, although evidence recently reported indicates that 1,2-addition under these conditions is minor except in the presence of Ag+ catalysts (Friedman, 1967). In our... 

In the present work and in (5), evidence is reported that similar complexes are formed with divalent cobalt. All complexes described, with the exception of ammonia, are reversible. 

The other scenario is where the recipient of the report does not accept that the identified problem exists. In this case, the Exception Report should produce some evidence as to why the problem is not valid. It may be that the Road Safety Audit Team did not have all the information available, or that the scheme design has changed since the plans used in the audit were prepared. 

While the pzc of Hg in F solution has not changed by more than 1 mV for over 70 years, marginal variations are visible for Ga, Tl, In, Cd, Bi, Sn, and Sb that are related to electrolyte effects (weak specific adsorption or disturbance of the adsorbed water layer, as for Ga).847 Important variations can be seen, on the other hand, for polycrystalline Ag, Zn, Ni, Fe, and Cu. For all these metals a drop of the pzc to much more negative values has been recorded this is evidently related to an improvement in the preparation of the surface with more effective elimination of surface oxides. All these metals, with the exception of Ag, are naturally sensitive to atmospheric oxygen. Values of pzc for single-crystal faces first appeared in a 1974 compilation,23 in particular for the three main faces of Ag and for Au (110). Values for a number of other metals were reported in 1986.25 However, for sd-metals, an exhaustive, specific compilation of available experimental data was given by Hamelin etal. in 1983.24... 

If the carbanion has even a short lifetime, 6 and 7 will assume the most favorable conformation before the attack of W. This is of course the same for both, and when W attacks, the same product will result from each. This will be one of two possible diastereomers, so the reaction will be stereoselective but since the cis and trans isomers do not give rise to different isomers, it will not be stereospecific. Unfortunately, this prediction has not been tested on open-chain alkenes. Except for Michael-type substrates, the stereochemistry of nucleophilic addition to double bonds has been studied only in cyclic systems, where only the cis isomer exists. In these cases, the reaction has been shown to be stereoselective with syn addition reported in some cases and anti addition in others." When the reaction is performed on a Michael-type substrate, C=C—Z, the hydrogen does not arrive at the carbon directly but only through a tautomeric equilibrium. The product naturally assumes the most thermodynamically stable configuration, without relation to the direction of original attack of Y. In one such case (the addition of EtOD and of Me3CSD to tra -MeCH=CHCOOEt) predominant anti addition was found there is evidence that the stereoselectivity here results from the final protonation of the enolate, and not from the initial attack. For obvious reasons, additions to triple bonds cannot be stereospecific. As with electrophilic additions, nucleophilic additions to triple bonds are usually stereoselective and anti, though syn addition and nonstereoselective addition have also been reported. 

Organometallic porphyrin complexes containing the late transition elements (from the nickel, copper, or zinc triads) are exceedingly few. In all of the known examples, either the porphyrin has been modified in some way or the metal is coordinated to fewer than four of the pyrrole nitrogens. For nickel, copper, and zinc the 4-2 oxidation state predominates, and the simple M"(Por) complexes are stable and resist oxidation or modification, thus on valence grounds alone it is easy to understand why there are few organometallic examples. The exceptions, which exist for nickel, palladium, and possibly zinc, are outlined below. Little evidence has been reported for stable organometallic porphyrin complexes of the other late transision elements. 

A surprising exception has been reported with evidence for a cleavage reaction in the case of divinyl sulphone. In non-aqueous and slightly acidic media, the behaviour of a., ji-unsaturated aromatic sulphones is also complex (see Table 7) since the cleavage and the saturation may compete. Strongly electrophilic double bonds undergo Michael additions in aprotic solvents by slowly protonated anions. Transfer of labile hydrogen may also lead to unactivated bases. It is noteworthy that in numerous cases (Table 6) the saturation is the preferred route. 

Although there are some reports to the contrary, the evidence on the whole would seem to indicate that the straight chain fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms are entirely ineffective as sources of carbohydrate. With the possible exception of acetic acid, the administration of the even-numbered fatty acids uniformly gives rise to a ketonuria,63 64 while it has been demonstrated repeatedly that substances convertible to carbohydrate counteract an existing ketonuria. 

In the first place, Stadie, Zapp and Lukens67 failed to obtain any evidence for the production of acetic acid or any other steam-volatile acids in liver slices of depancreatized cats. These authors state further that no evidence could be found in the literature for the production of acetic acid in the livers of normal or diabetic animals except for the report of Cook and Harrison.68 They believe that the acetic acid, which... 

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