Evaporation Rates of Liquid Drops

In many natural (raindrops, fogs, river water fall) and industrial systems (sprays, oil combustion engines, cleaning processes), one encounters liquid drops. The rate of evaporation of liquid from such drops can be of importance in the function of these systems. 

Extensive investigations on evaporation of liquid drops (free-hanging drops, drops placed on solid surfaces) have been reported in the current literature (Birdi, 2002). These drops have been analyzed as a function of 

There are many kinds of materials that need to be joined together by using glues or adhesives, both synthetic and organic, in manufacturing, the field of arts and crafts, and everyday life, such as 

Energy is needed to break such a contact, more so with some joined items than others. If we consider the adhesion of plastic on glass, the highest adhesion will be obtained if the adhesive fills all the valleys and crevices of each adhered body surface. This will remove any air pockets that do not contribute to adhesion. The role of the adhesive or glue is to provide mechanical interlocking of the adhesive molecules. 

The science behind bonding technology is very extensive. A brief description along with some examples is given in the following text. It is important to prime the surfaces of the layers to be bonded, that is, cover the surfaces with a dilute solution of the adhesive mixed with an organic solvent to obtain a dried film of thickness between 0.0015 and 0.005 mm. 

In many natnral (raindrops, fogs, river water fall) and industrial systems (sprays, oil combustion engines, cleaning processes), one encounters liquid drops. The rate of evaporation of liquid from such drops can be important for the function of these systems. Raindrops contribute also major part to erosion and other related phenomena. Extensive investigations on the evaporation of liqnid drops (free hanging drops drops placed on solid surfaces) have been reported in the current literature (Birdi, 2003a 2008, 2010a Pu and Severtson, 2012 Xu et al., 2013 Yu et al., 2004). These drops have been analyzed as a function of 

In these analyses, some assumptions have been made as regards the shape of the drops. The most accurate data were obtained when weight method was used. Different analyses showed that the rate of evaporation was linearly dependent on the radius of the drop. Further, the contact angle of water drop on teflon (i.e., a nonwetting surface) remained constant under evaporation. On the other hand, contact angle decreased as water drop evaporated on glass (i.e., a wetting snrface). 

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B.2. Effect of added detergent on the evaporation rate of liquid drops. It is well known that the surface tension of an aqueous solution is reduced by the addition of a detergent. The... 

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