Euglena algae

Racker and Schroeder (85) questioned the importance of the alkaline FDPase in photosynthesis because of its lack of activity at neutral pH, its apparent cytoplasmic localization, and the presence of a second enzyme or enzymes which appeared to be associated with the chloroplasts and which hydrolyzed both FDP and SDP. Later work, however, has clearly established the function of this enzyme in the photosynthetic carbon cycle. Smillie has shown that the alkaline FDPase is associated with photosynthetic tissues in higher plants and Euglena (101, 102). The enzyme was also shown to be localized in the chloroplasts and to be absent in nonphotosynthetic tissue or bleached algae. It was the only FDPase detected in the photosynthetic bacterium Chromatium grown under autotrophic conditions (102). Preiss et al. (103) have pointed... 

M. J. Doughty, B. Diehn Flavins as Photoreceptor Pigments for Behavioral Responses in Motile Microorganisms,Especiallyin the Flagellated Alga, Euglena sp( 111 ref.)... 

Sublethal concentrations of zinc, cadmium and mercury in the culture medium inhibit both respiration and photosynthesis in the green alga Euglena (De Filippis et al., 1981 b). Photosynthesis probably is one of the most metal-sensitive processes of plant metabolism. In consequence, this aspect will be treated extensively. 

In-vivo metal application Reports of metal effects on electron transport and photophosphorylation after application of toxic amounts of metals to intact plants are less frequent. Cadmium and zinc inhibited PS 2 activity in Lycopersicon esculen-tum (Bazinsky et al, 1980) and Phaseolus vulgaris, respectively (Van Assche and Clijsters, 1983). In the green alga Euglena gracilis (De Filippis et al, 1981 b), PS 2 was sensitive to cadmium, copper and zinc. In the three species mentioned above, the water-splitting enzyme was the site of action. 

Toxic heavy metals Cd 2-5 mM, bacteria and archaeans Ni 2.5 mM, Co 20 mM, Zn 12 mM, Cd 2.5mM, Ralstonia eutrophus Algae, e.g., Euglena and Chlorella can grow in Cd, Zn, and Co at mM concentrations Submarine hydrothermal vent fluids and sulfides some high-metal-containing lakes... 

Chlorella and other similar ft-algae (specific particle size range 1.9—7.0 )tm), 2, Euglena (specific particle size range 12.5—20.0 fJm)... 

Cytochrome be has been purified to the electrophoretically homogeneous state by Stuart and Wasserman 24 )- This cytochrome is reduced by dithionite but not by ascorbate. The reduced form is autoxidizable and does not combine with CO. Its molecular weight was determined to be 40,000 on the basis of heme content. A similar cytochrome, showing the a band at 561-563 nm, has been observed in several species of green algae 203,242-251), Euglena 252,253), and red algae 254). 

A few respiratory type b cytochromes, which have an a band of around 562 nm but are distinct from photosynthetic cytochrome bt, have been reported to exist in Euglena and green algae (247,249, 6). 

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