Ethylenes chloro derivatives

G. 63. Ethylene qlycol derivatives bis(2-chloro- ethyl)ether - trace 98 ND ... 

In similar electrochlorination experiments, propionaldehyde [86], ethylene [87], tetramethylpiperidine derivatives [88], amines [89], acetone [90], and polymers [91] have been converted into chloro derivatives. Mechanistic studies have aimed at elucidating the role of chloronium intermediates [92], water [93], and of redox mediators such as Ce +[94] in the electrochlorination process. 

Disubstituted amino)-l//-pyrimido[l,2-a]quinolin-l-ones (149) were prepared in the reaction of 3-chloro derivative 148 with disubstituted amines and a cyclic amine in boiling ethanol or ethylene glycol (95MI1). 

The solvents more generally used are oil of turpentine, pinewood oil, methyl, ethyl or amyl alcohol, amyl acetate, acetone, ether, carbon disulphide, carbon tetrachloride, chloro-derivatives of ethane and ethylene, chlorohydrins, light mineral oils, light oils from tar, from resin or from shale, and camphor oil. 

B) Examination of the Solvents insoluble in Water. These may be carbon disulphide, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, a chloro-derivative of ethane or ethylene, a chlorohydrin, amyl alcohol, amyl acetate, ether, benzene or a homologue, oil of turpentine, pinewood oil, light mineral oil, resin oil, tar oil, shale oil, or camphor oil. 

The reactivity of the s-triazine system is so great that the tri-chloro derivative undergoes nucleophilic substitution by the phenyl TT-electrons of diethylaniline (forming 253), by the ethylenic... 

For disubstituted chlorides and bromides of benzene and of ethylene, one of us f has found that the moment of the chloro-derivatives is larger than that of the bromo-derivatives. In these aliphatic compounds the dipole moment of the chloro- and bromo-derivatives is greater than for the hydroxyl-derivative, in contradistinction to the aromatic compounds, where the dipole moment of the hydroxyl derivative is greater than that of the chloro- and bromo-derivatives. 

Dichloroethane [107-06-2] M 99.0, b 83.4 , d " 1.256, n s 1.44759. It is usually prepared by chlorinating ethylene, so that likely impurities include higher chloro derivatives and other chloro compounds depending on the impurities originally present in the ethylene. It forms azeotropes with water, MeOH, EtOH, trichloroethylene, CCI4 and isopropanol. Its azeotrope with water (containing 8.9% water, has b 77 ) can be... 

The initial steps of the reaction between chloro derivatives of ethylene and O3 were studied using UQCISD, UB3LYP, UMP2, and MRMP2 methods with 6-3H-G and aug-cc-PVDZ basis sets. Two possible mechanisms, concerted and stepwise additions of ozone to the double bond, were considered. The energies and geometries of the transition states, rate constants, and kinetic parameters were calculated. ... 

In the presence of catalysts, trichloroethylene is readily chlorinated to pentachloro- and hexachloroethane. Bromination yields l,2-dibromo-l,l,2-trichloroethane [13749-38-7]. The analogous iodine derivative has not been reported. Fluorination with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of antimony trifluoride produces 2-chloro-l,l,l-trifluoroethane [75-88-7] (8). Elemental fluorine gives a mixture of chlorofluoro derivatives of ethane, ethylene, and butane. 

The manufacture and uses of oxiranes are reviewed in (B-80MI50500, B-80MI50501). The industrially most important oxiranes are oxirane itself (ethylene oxide), which is made by catalyzed air-oxidation of ethylene (cf. Section 5.05.4.2.2(f)), and methyloxirane (propylene oxide), which is made by /3-elimination of hydrogen chloride from propene-derived 1-chloro-2-propanol (cf. Section 5.05.4.2.1) and by epoxidation of propene with 1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide cf. Section 5.05.4.2.2(f)) (79MI50501). 

Of greater versatility is an extension of Albert and Royer s acridine synthesis. The first successful use of this in the quinazoline series was for the removal of the chlorine atom in 2-chloro-4-phenylquin-azoline, although it had been used previously to prepare 8-nitro-6-methoxyquinazoline in very poor yield. The 4-chloroquinazoline is converted to its 4-(A -toluene-p-sulfonylhydrazino) quinazoline hydrochloride derivative which is decomposed with alkali in aqueous ethylene glycol at lOO C (Scheme 13). The yields are high (60-70%) when R is Me, Cl, OMe but low when R is NO2, and in the latter case it is preferable to use dilute sodium carbonate as the base. This reaction is unsatisfactory if the unsubstituted pyrimidine ring is unstable towards alkali, as in 1,3,8-triazanaphthalene where the pyrimi-... 

An alternative synthesis of a thermally stable cyclopentadienyl functionalized polymer involved ring bromination of poly(oxy-2,6-diphenyl-l,4-phenylene), followed by lithiation with butyl lithium to produce an aryllithium polymer. Arylation of 2-norbornen-7-one with the metalated polymer yielded the corresponding 2-norbornen-7-ol derivative. Conversion of the 7-ol to 7-chloro followed by treatment with butyl lithium generated the benzyl anion which undergoes a retro Diels-Alder reaction with the evolution of ethylene to produce the desired aryl cyclopentadiene polymer, 6. 

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