Ethylene Ziegler-Natta chain-growth

Alternatively, the intermediate acetaldehyde (qv) for this process was obtained from ethylene by the Wacker process (9). A small amount of -butyl alcohol is produced in the United States by the Ziegler-Natta chain growth reaction from ethylene [74-85-1] (10). 

Ziegler-Natta chain-growth polymerization of ethylene and substituted ethylenes (Section 16.5B)... 

Titanium-Mediated (Ziegler-Natta) Chain-Growth Polymerization of Ethylene and Substituted Ethylenes (Section 29.6B)... 

Much effort has been devoted during the last 30 years toward understanding the mechanisms operative in the coordination catalysis of ethylene and a-olefin polymerization using Ziegler-Natta systems (metal halide and aluminum alkyl, sometimes with Lewis base modifiers). Aspects of the complex heterogeneous reactions have been elucidated (jL- ) but the intimate mechanistic detail - for example the role of inhibitors and promoters, kinetics and thermodynamics of chain growth, modes of chain transfer and termination - comes primarily from studies of homogeneous catalysts ... 

NFPA Health 3, Flammability 4, Reactivity 3 Storage Handle and store under nitrogen Uses Catalyst component in Ziegler-Natta type systems for olefin and diene polymerizations in ethylene oligomerization to produce olefins in chain growth of ethylene to produce longer chain aluminum alkyls which are then converted to primary alcohols reagent for Meerwein-Ponndorf reduction... 

It was discovered by Ziegler in Germany and Natta in Italy in the 1950s that metal alkyls were very efficient catalysts to promote ethylene polymerization at low pressures and low temperatures, where free-radical polymerization is very slow. They further found that the polymer they produced had fewer side chairrs because there were fewer growth mistakes caused by chain transfer and radical recombination. Therefore, this polymer was more crystalline and had a higher density than polymer prepared by free-radical processes. Thus were discovered linear and high-density polymers. 

By 1950 Ziegler had worked on the growth of alkyl chains by insertion of ethylene into the Al—C bond of trialkyl-aluminium, mainly focused in the field of polyethylene. Natta, from the beginning, attempted propylene polymerization, succeeding in... 

---