Ethylene products from

Craker, L. E. Ethylene production from ozone injured plants. Environ. Pollut. 1 299-304, 1971. 

The Fe-EDTA complex catalysed the oxidation of tryptophan and the hydroxyla-tion of salicylate in the presence of a superoxide-generating system, A partial inhibition by diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate was observed for the latter reaction and in the ethylene production from 2-keto-4-thiomethylbutyrate... 

A reduction and activation of HjOj by other one-electron donors, like semiquinones, has also to be considered. This follows from a study of the ethylene production from methionine in the presence of pyridoxal phosphate, a reaction characteristic for OH radicals or for Fenton-type oxidants. The ethylene production in the presence of dioxygen, anthraquinone-2-sulfonate, and an NADPH-generating system in phosphate buffer pH 7.6 was inhibited by SOD and by catalase, but stimulated by scavengers of OH radicals, like 0.1 mM mannitol, a-tocopherol, and formiate... 

Figure 2. Effect of severity on European ethylene production costs (1000 MM Ibs/yr ethylene production from naphtha feed)...

The catalytic dehydration of ethanol to ethylene in SC water may be commercially important (16). Although high quality commercial alumina catalysts exist for the vapor phase dehydration of ethanol, the commercial processes require the ethanol feedstock to be relatively free of water. Hence the ethanol must be distilled from the ethanol-water mixture which is the product of fermentation processes. By avoiding this distillation step, and securing phase separation of the ethylene product from the ethanol-water reactant, SC dehydration of ethanol could enjoy advantages over existing commercial technologies. 

Economics For increase in naphtha-cracker ethylene production from 247,000 mtpy to 330,000 mtpy, based on U.S. Gulf Coast ... 

Rhizobitoxine. Various Rhizoblum. laponlcum strains produce rhizobitoxine [75], whose structure was reported In 1972 (2691. Although the host of this bacterium Is soybean, this compound Is also phytotoxic to many other plant species. This phytotoxin Is an analog of cystathionine and acts as an Irreversible Inhibitor of -cystathlonase which catalyzes production of homoserlne from cystathionine (2701. Rhizobitoxine also Inhibits ethylene production from methionine (2711. as does a similar phytotoxin, 2-am1no-4-methoxy-3-eno1c acid (28). 

From the above, the lighter the feedstock the poorer the thermal efficiency and therefore the higher the carbon emissions. This is counter to the move to increase ethylene production from ethane from natural gas operations. 

As previously discussed, alkyl radicals decomposition reactions constitute an important fate and reaction path of alkyl radicals. Due to the very short lifetimes of alkyl radicals, Rice and Herzfeld (1933, 1934) suggested a complete decomposition mechanism where all the radicals larger than methyl were considered instantaneously decomposed into alkenes and H and CH3 radicals. In this mechanism, all the intermediate alkyl radicals decompose to directly form alkenes and smaller alkyl radicals. This would mean that the final ethylene production from a steam cracking process would be significantly overestimated when compared with the experimental measurements. For instance, the net and final result of the successive decomposition mechanism of 1-decyl radical would be 5 moles of ethylene and one H radical. 

Figure 4. Ethylene production from whole crude...

Table VII. Over-All Plant Balances—Ethylene Production from Naphtha and Kuwait Crude"...

Table IX. Cost Comparison for Ethylene Production from Naphtha or Crude Oils...

Propylene, CH2=CHCH3, is obtained as a by-product of ethylene production from the cracking of petroleum fractions. Free radical polymerization yields only low-molecular-weight oils consisting of branched, atactic molecules. Isotactic poly (propylenes) were first made possible and came into commercial use through Natta s work with Ziegler catalysts. 

A similar peptide toxin, rhizobitoxin (16), is produced by the root-nodulating organism Rhizobium japonicum. Rhizobitoxin causes chlorosis in the developing leaflets of plants, such as soybean Glycine max), which have nodules colonized with these strains of Rhizobium japonicum (Mitchell, 1981). This compound is a irreversible inhibitor of ethylene production from methionine, as it blocks the conversion... 

Figure 3.7 Ethylene production from ethane or propane...

Schmal M, Perez CA, da Silva VT, PadiUia LF. Hydrogen and ethylene production from partial oxidation of methane on CuCe, CuZr mixed oxides and Zr02 catalysts. Appl Catal A Gen. 2010 375 205-12. 

Figure 6.1 Schematic process of fermentation and gasification routes for ethylene production from renewable feedstock.

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