Ethylene glycol imidazolium

Some water solubility can be conferred to commonly water immiscible hexafluorophosphate salts by appending some oligomers of ethylene glycol to the imidazolium cation [26, 27], Its miscibility with water could be modulated by using different chain length (Fig. 9). 

Cai MR, liang YM, Yao MH et al (2010) Imidazolium ionic liquids as antiwear and antioxidant additive in poly(ethylene glycol) for steel/steel contacts. ACS Appl Mater Interface 2 870-876... 

Other IL structures have been investigated to enhance film formation and improve film stability, including symmetrical and unsymmetrical dicationic liquids [37], trigonal tricationic liquids [38], poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linked geminal dicationic ILs [39], and imidazolium-modified P-cyclodextrin [40], a selection of which is shown in Figure 21.9. 

The organic-organic biphasic hydroformylation of hexene-1 in poly(ethylene glycol) as a polar phase, in which higher olefins are somewhat more soluble than in water, resulted in high yield, but the reaction gave rather low n / i ratio (0.75) (57). The ionic-liquid based hydroformylation of octene-1 succeeded with remarkable nii selectivities (19 1) using 7z-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium (BMIM) trichlorostannate as the reaction medium (58). 

Holbrey, J.D., Visser, A.E., Spear, S.K., Reichert, W.M., Swatloski, R.P., Broker, G.A. and Rogers, R.D., Mercury(II) partitioning from aqueous solutions with a new, hydrophobic ethylene-glycol functionalized bis-imidazolium ionic liquid. Green Chem. 5 (2), 129-135 (2003). 

Combinations of the methyl imidazolium cation with different lengths ([C mim]) and anion different from that of [C mim][BF ] can be involved in the preparation of new IL microemulsions. Although [C mim] [PFJ is normally taken as the IL in aqueous IL microemulsions, some nonaqueous IL microemulsions were also prepared. The aggregate size of [C mim][PFJ/TX-100/toluene [35] and [C mim][PFJ/TX-100/ ethylene glycol [36] microemulsions were characterized further by small-angle... 

Some of the earliest work on the use of imidazolium-derived NHCs as catalysts focused on their ability to serve as initiators for polymerization reaction. Pioneers of this area, Waymouth and Hedrick extensively investigated the synthesis of polyesters under the influence of an NHC catalyst. Their results have been summarized in a number of excellent accounts. In 2002, Hedrick first investigated catalytic living polymerization using NHCs for cyclic esters (Scheme 14.27). Then, Waymouth and Hedrick studied polymerization of lactides and a-caprolactones and explored the chemical and mechanical properties of the resulting polymers. Also, the use of multifunctional alcohol initiators, such as ethylene glycol or pentaerythritol, produced star polymers with good conversion and low PDI (polydispersity index). ... 

REV Revelli, A.-L., Mutelet, F., and Jaubert, J.-N., High carbon dioxide solubihties in imidazolium-based ionic liquids and in poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether, J. Phys. Chem. B, 114, 12908, 2010. 

Singh T, Kumar A, Kaur M, Kaur G, Kumar H (2009) Non-ideal behaviour of imidazolium based room temperature ionic liquids in ethylene glycol at T = (298.15 to 318.15) K. J Chem Thermodyn 41 717-723... 

Wu T-Y, Chen B-K, Hao L, Lin K-F, Sun I-W (2011) Thermophysical properties of a room temperature ionic liquid (l-methyl-3-pentyl-imidazolium hexailuoro-phosphale) with poly (ethylene glycol). J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 42 914—921... 

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