Ethylene derivatives ammonium hydroxides

Melamine is soluble only in water and has low solubility in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and in other aprotic dipolar solvents (9% at 120 °C), in glycerol or ethylene glycol (10% at 140 °C). In the majority of other usual solvents it is insoluble. Kucharski and Lubczak discovered a new class of reactive solvents for melamine [36] poly (hydroxymethyl) derivatives of cyclohexanone, acetone, nitromethane which are able to dissolve 50-60% melamine. Melamine can be totally propoxylated or ethoxylated at lower temperatures (70-90 °C), in aprotic dipolar solvents (for example DMSO, dimethylformamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and so on), in the presence of quaternary ammonium hydroxides as catalysts [for example tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide (TBAH)], at a low reaction rate (reaction 15.35), for a very long reaction time (40-50 hours) [31, 37]. The resulting hexafunctional polyols give very thermostable rigid PU (up 200 °C). 

The members of the second subgroup are prepared from ethylene diamine (20) or its derivatives by reaction with carbon disulfide. In a sodium hydroxyde medium the disodium salt nabam, in an ammonium hydroxide medium, the diammonium salt amobam is formed (21). The sodium-ammonium salt, nambam, can also be prepared. These active substances are soluble in water. They cannot be used as foliage fungicides because of their phytotoxicity. On the other hand, they can be applied with good results for seed treatment. These compounds are intermediate products of the water-insoluble metal salts of N,N-ethylene-bisdithiocarbamic acid. c... 

Ethylene Diamine, NH2CH2CH2NH2, is the lowest member of the series of diamines. It is a liquid which boils at 116.5°, and has a weak ammoniacal odor. It may be prepared from ethylene bromide and ammonia. The reactions of ethylene diamine are analogous to those of other primary amines. It differs from these, however, in that it forms a stable addition-product with water which may be distilled without decomposition. The substance is, in all probability, a derivative of ammonium hydroxide with the structure,—... 

Thermal decomposition of quaternary ammonium hydroxides Tert. amines and ethylene derivatives s. 18, 993 Tert. amines from quaternary ammonium salts s. 16, 728... 

If the metallisable dye is insoluble in water, a miscible solvent such as ethanol or ethylene glycol may be added. Polar solvents such as formamide or molten urea have sometimes been preferred. It is likely that such solvents will preferentially displace water molecules and coordinate with the chromium (III) ion as the first step in the reaction. If colourless organic chelates of chromium, such as those derived from oxalic or tartaric acid, are used instead of or in addition to hydrated chromium (III) salts, the difficulty of replacing the strongly coordinated water molecules in the first stage of the reaction is eliminated. In this way the initial reaction can be carried out at high pH without contamination by the precipitation of chromium hydroxide. Use of the complex ammonium chromisalicylate (5.12) in this connection should also be noted (section 5.4-1). 

This melts at 226° C., forms an ammonium salt, decomposing at 200° C., and a benzoyl derivative, M.pt. 284° C. In the preparation of the glycine-amide, longer heating, or recrystallisation from an excess of alkali, causes it to change to the quinoxaline. If the latter in sodium hydroxide solution is allowed to stand for several days at 30° C. with an excess of ethylene oxide, the mixture being occasionally shaken, S-hydroiryethyl-amino-6-arsino-l i-dihydroquinoxaline is fomred. 

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