Ethyl acetate, preparation properties

Ethyl acetoacetate (acetoacetic ester), available by the Claisen condensation of ethyl acetate, has properties that make it a useful starting material for the preparation of ketones. These properties are... 

Polyesters. Polyesters containing carbonate groups have been prepared from this diol (see Polycarbonates) (99). Films of this polymer, formed from an acetone or ethyl acetate solution, exhibit exceUent adhesive properties. 

Other preparative routes iaclude hydrogenation of succinonitdle in the presence of methylamine and hydrogenation of solutions of maleic or succinic acid and methylamine (82,83). Properties are Hsted in Table 3. l-Meth5i-2-pyrrohdinone is completely miscible with water, lower alcohols, lower ketones, ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and benzene. It is moderately soluble in aUphatic hydrocarbons and dissolves many organic and inorganic compounds. 

Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate, and tetrahydrofuran are solvents for vinyhdene chloride polymers used in lacquer coatings methyl ethyl ketone and tetrahydrofuran are most extensively employed. Toluene is used as a diluent for either. Lacquers prepared at 10—20 wt % polymer sohds in a solvent blend of two parts ketone and one part toluene have a viscosity of 20—1000 mPa-s (=cP). Lacquers can be prepared from polymers of very high vinyhdene chloride content in tetrahydrofuran—toluene mixtures and stored at room temperature. Methyl ethyl ketone lacquers must be prepared and maintained at 60—70°C or the lacquer forms a sohd gel. It is critical in the manufacture of polymers for a lacquer apphcation to maintain a fairly narrow compositional distribution in the polymer to achieve good dissolution properties. 

Bimetallic M-Sn alloys (M = Rh, Ru, Ni) supported on siHca and prepared by reaction of M with tetra(butyl)tin display catalytic properties quite different from those of the monometallic catalysts. Indeed, they are very selective for the hydrogenolysis of ethyl acetate to ethanol [110, 112-115]. For example, while the... 

AB copolymers of isoprene and methyl methacrylate have been synthetized by Rossi A hexagonal structure formed by cylinders of polyisoprene in a matrix of poly(methyl methaaylate) has been demonstrated by low-ai e X-ray diffraction and electron miaoscopy for copolymers containing about 30% of polyisoprene ABA copolymers poly(methyl methacrylate)-polyisoprene-poly(methyl methacrylate) havii polyisoprene with a high vinyl content as central block have been nthetized by Cole et al. Dynamic mechanical properties of films of these ABA copolymers have been studied as a function of the copolymer composition, the temperature and the nature of the solvent (carbon tetrachloride, toluene, ethyl acetate, methylethyl ketone, dioxane) used for film preparation ... 

Capped polyols, prepared by reacting polyols in non-polar solvents (benzene or ethyl acetate) with excess diisocyanate (HDI), reacted with cellulose fibers at ambient temperature. Simple immersion of preformed fiber mats (blotting paper) followed by air-drying resulted in drastic increases in sheet strength properties. This is indicated in Table X. 

Reactions of Acetic Acid.—Acetic acid shows the properties which are characteristic of acids. It decomposes carbonates, forms salts with metallic hydroxides, and reacts v/ith iron, zinc, and other metals. Acetic acid forms esters with alcohols. In order to increase the yield of the ester and the rate of the reaction, a dehydrating agent is usually added to the mixture of alcohol and acid. Ethyl acetate is prepared by warming a mixture of glacial acetic acid, alcohol, and sulphuric acid —... 

Tests for Acetic Acid.—The best way to identify acetic acid is to determine its physical properties—melting point, boiling-point, odor—and those of a derivative prepared from it, stich as the ethyl ester. If, however, only a small amount of the acid to be tested is available, or if it is in solution in water 01 mixed with other substances, it can be satisfactorily identified. As acetic acid is volatile with steam, it can be freed by distillation from substances non-volatile under these circumstances. The original solution should be acidified with sulphuric acid before distillation in order to set free any acetic acid which may be present in the form of a salt. The distillate is neutralized with sodium hydroxide and evaporated to dryness. A part of the residue is treated with a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid and gently heated. If acetic acid is present it can be recognized by its characteristic odor. A second portion of the residue is mixed with a few drops of alcohol and an equal quantity of concentrated sulphuric acid and warmed. The presence of the acid is confirmed by the odor of ethyl acetate, which is readily recognized. 

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