III Ethers

This has led to chemical modification of the polyesters, in particular the introduction of allyl ether groups into the resins. Amongst the monomers figuring prominently in the literature are allyl glyceryl ether I, trimethylolpropane diallyl ether II (1,1-diallyloxypropanol) and pentaerythritol triallyl ether III (2,2,2-trial-lyloxyethanol), as shown in Figure 25.32. 

Methylnaphthylmethyl) (butyl) diethylene glycol ether (III) (Dichlorobenzyl) (butyl) diethylene glycol ether (IV)... 

Barboiu, M., Hovnanian, N., Luca, C., Popescu, G. and Cot, L. (1998) Functionalized derivatives of benzocrown-ethers, III, New macrocydic derivatives containing chiral and linear lateral amino-acid moieties. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1705—1708. 

Homogeneous catalysts have a very low selectivity for 2,6-dialkyl-p-benzoquinone (I), whereas zeolites combine high activities with high selectivities towards formation of (I). The formation of poly(2,6-dialkyl-l,4-phenylene ether) (III) is suppressed on zeolites by steric constraints. The formation of 3,3, 5,5 -tetraalkyl-4,4 -diphenoquinone (II) is suppressed in the supercages, but promoted by high concentrations of phenol. 

Ethyl bromide, I, i, 6-7 Ethyl 8-bromopropionate, HI, 51-52 Ethyl cyanoacetate. III, 53-56 Ethylene chlorohydrin, 111, 7 Ethyl ether. III, 47, 48 Ethyl hydracrylate. III, 52 Ethyl oxalate, II, 23-26 Ethyl phenylacetate, II, 27-28 Extraction, III, 88... 

On the other hand, if the HYD/I+HDO and the HDO/I ratios are very weak for 2,5-dihydrofuran (V), 0.04 and 0.1 respectively, these values increase with ethyl-2-propenyl ether, (III), up to 0.12 and 11. These results are similar too those obtained for 2-cyclohexenol, (VIII), which presents weak hydroge nation and HDO activities (Table 2). 

Strong analytical support for the presence of the phenylcoumaran system (I) in lignin was obtained a few years ago (5) (Figure 1). Under the conditions of acidolysis, models for system I, namely dihydrodehydro-diconiferyl alcohol (III) 13) and its methyl ether (III, OCH3) were converted into phenylcoumarone derivatives (VIII and VIII, OCH3). The structure of the phenolic coumarone (VIII) was established by an inde-... 

Allyl ethers of orf/io-disubstituted phenols rearrange to the corresponding p-allylphenols. It is noteworthy that the para rearrangement is not usually accompanied by inversion of the allyl group.8-4-6-6-7 For example, cinnamyl 2-carbomethoxy-6-methylphenyl ether (III) rearranges without inversion8 to yield the p-cinnamyl derivative (IV). 

Wallace, T. J., and R. J. Gritter The Free Radical Chemistry of Cyclic Ethers. III. A Free Radical Rearrangement Reaction. J. org. Chem. 27, 3067 (1962). 

Papadoyannis IN, Kouimitzis TA, Vasilikiotis GS. 1983. Analytical applications of crown ethers. III. Extraction and determination of nitrophenol isomers. Microchem J 28 347-350. 

Alcoholysis, of trityl ethers, III, 81 Aldehyde content, of starch, I, 276 Aldehyde group, in starch molecule, I, 253... 

Cholestenone, labelled with C , III, 233 Cholesterol, trityl ether, III, 86 Cholic acid, phytochemical reduction of, IV, 92... 

D-Glucopyranosyltrimethylammonium bromide, and 6-trityl ether, III, 86 D-Glucopyruronoside, methyl, methyl ester, II, 173... 

D,L-GIyceraldehyde, III, 166 Glyceric acid, effect on conductivity of boric acid, IV, 195 reduction of, IV, 109 D-GIyceric acid, III, 21 D,L-GIyceric acid, III, 132, 167 Glycerides, trityl ethers, III, 105 —, unsaturated, II, 125 Glycerol, butyric acid from, IV, 110 effect on conductivity of boric acid, IV, 191... 

According to Okon [9], compound I may be obtained by the nitration of 2,4,6-trinitrodiphenyl ether (III), which in turn is formed by the action of phenol on picryl-pyridinium chloride (p. 464) ... 

Quite early in the chemical studies of Wieland and King, evidence accumulated that the calabash curare alkaloids are indole derivatives, and with present knowledge it is possible to correlate the UV-spectra of many of them with one or another of the following related chromo-phores formally derived from the indole nucleus by oxidation, reduction, and substitution, or combinations of these processes. They are the indoline (II), 2-hydroxyindoline and the derived ethers (III), iV-hydroxy-alkylindoline and its ethers (IV), 2-methyleneindoline or 1-vinylindoline (Va or Vb, respectively), indole (VI), oxindole or 1-acylindoline (Vila or Vllb, respectively), -indoxyl (VIII), and /J-carbolinium (IX) systems it is not possible to distinguish with certainty by spectroscopic methods between the chromophores III and IV, between Va and Vb, or between Vila and Vllb. 

Figure 9. Partial spectra illustrating vinyl ether formation in lignin a. acety-lated / -guaiacyl vinyl ether III b.140 °C control c. DEPT spectrum of 140 °C control d. guaiacyl model/lignin product prior to chromatographic separation e. DEPT spectrum of 50 °C control.

Ammonolysis of poly(hexamethylene urea), (I), was used by Miyamoto [1] to prepare guanidine polyhexamethyleneguanidine, (II), as illustrated below. Fitzpatrick [2] subsequently converted this material into a poly guanidine ethers, (III), by reacting with 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,4-butanediol. 

Photoresist compositions consisting of pentafluoromethylvinyl carbonate derivatives, (II), were prepared by Yoon [2] and used in photosensitive polymers for exposure to light sources having a dominant wavelength of less than 157 nm. Perfluorovinyl ether, (III), monomers were prepared by DiPietro [3] and used in lithographic photoresist polymer compositions. 

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