Metronidazole ethanol

Metronidazole Ethanol (drugs containing ethanol) Disulfiram-like reaction Avoid... 

Considerable interest has been reported in the radiolytic reactions of radiosensitiz-ing nitroimidazoles such ns Metronidazole, 2-methyl-5-nitro-l//-imidazole-1-ethanol (52). Again loss of the nitro function as nitrite appears to be one of the principal events. The formation of nitrite from /-irradiation of the Ni(II) complex of the imidazole 52 arises by hydroxy radical attack to form the radical anion. This either eliminates nitrite or undergoes a four-electron reduction to a hydroxylamino derivative68,69. 

Metronidazole Metronidazole, 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-l-ethanol (37.2.10), is made by nitrating 2-methylimidazole to make 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (37.2.9), which is then reacted with 2-chloroethanol or ethylenoxide, which is easily transformed to the desired metronidazole [49,50]. 

Amiodarone Benzodiazepines Chloramphenicol Cimetidine Disulfiram Ethanol (acute ingestion) Fluconazole Isoniazid Metronidazole Miconazole Omeprazole Phenacemide Phenylbutazone Succinimides Sulfonamides Trimethoprim Valproic acid Salicylates Tricyclic antidepressants Valproic acid... 

Drugs that may affect metronidazole include barbiturates and cimetidine. Drugs that may be affected by metronidazole include anticoagulants, disulfiram, ethanol, hydantoins, and lithium. 

Drugs that might affect amprenavir include abacavir, aldesleukin, antacids, anticonvulsants, azole antifungals, clarithromycin, cyclosporine, dexamethasone, buffered didanosine, disulfiram, ethanol, indinavir, methadone, metronidazole, nelfinavir, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, oral contraceptives, rifamycins, ritonavir, saquinavir, St. John s wort, tacrolimus, and zidovudine. 

Some populations, most notably East Asians, exhibit an unusual response after drinking ethanol. The symptoms include facial flushing, vasodilation, and tachycardia. These individuals apparently have a genetic deficiency of the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, which leads to an accumulation of acetaldehyde even after they drink relatively small amounts of ethanol. If drugs such as metronidazole, griseofulvin, quinacrine, the hypoglycemic sulfonylureas, phenothiazines, and phenylbutazone are coadministered with ethanol, a similar accumulation of acetaldehyde may occur. 

Oxidation of acetaldehyde is inhibited by disulfiram, a drug that has been used to deter drinking by alcohol-dependent patients undergoing treatment. When ethanol is consumed in the presence of disulfiram, acetaldehyde accumulates and causes an unpleasant reaction of facial flushing, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and headache. Several other drugs (eg, metronidazole, cefotetan, trimethoprim) inhibit ALDH and can cause a disulfiram-like reaction if combined with ethanol. 

Several other drugs, eg, metronidazole, certain cephalosporins, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs, and chloral hydrate, have disulfiram-like effects on ethanol metabolism. Patients should be warned to avoid drinking ethanol while taking these drugs and for several days after they discontinue them. 

Metronidazole possesses selective bactericidal and an-tiparasitic activity. Its mechanism of action is complex and not thoroughly understood but is thought to include interference with nucleic acid synthesis. Metronidazole is also capable of producing a disulfiram-type reaction with ethanol ingestion. This reaction is hypothesized to occur due to metronidazole inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase. 

Certain drugs inhibit non-microsomal metabolic pathways. Metronidazole, like disulfiram, inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme that normally oxidizes acetaldehyde to acetic acid in the metabolic pathway for ethanol. Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. Because azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine are metabolized by xanthine oxidase, the dosage of these drugs (synthetic xanthine analogues), when used concomitantly with... 

Oral vancomycin 125 mg four times daily is second-line therapy. Its use is appropriate in the following situations The patient has not responded to oral metronidazole the organism is resistant to metronidazole the patient is allergic or intolerant to metronidazole treatment includes ethanol-containing solutions the patient is either pregnant or younger than 10 years of age the patient is critically ill because of C. difficile diarrhea or colitis (the duration of diarrhea is reduced... 

Flagyl I.V. lmidazole-1-ethanol, 2-methyl-5-nitro-, hydro-chloride 1H-lmldazole-1-ethanol, 2-methyl-5-nitro-, hydrochloride 2-Methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol monohydrochloride 2-Methyl-5-nilroimidazole-1-ethanol hydrochloride Metronidazole hydrochloride SC 32642. Antiprotozoal against Trichomonas. Antiamebic and antibacterial. SCS Pharm. 

The urine of some patients may be reddish brown due to pigments derived from the drug. Oxidative metabolism of metronidazole is induced by phenobarbital, prednisone, rifampin, and possibly ethanol and is inhibited by cimetidine. 

Metronidazole 2-Methyl-6-nitro-1 H-imidazole-1-ethanol C6H9N303 443-48-1 171.163 160.6 ... 

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