Ethanol fuel history

A review of the historical development of ethanol usage as a motor fuel is in order before discussion of modern production technologies. The history dates back to the beginnings of the internal combustion engine. In an industrial chemistry book published about a century ago (Duncan, 1907), these statements appear ... 

And now briefly about modem Ukrainian fuel cell history Being based on many years positive experience in manufacture of real nano-sized zirconia powders with different stabilizers like yttria, calcia, scandia etc. and zirconia ceramics [8, 9] the first Ukrainian demonstrating model of zirconia fuel cell was made and exhibited by January 22, 2002 [10- 12]. It has realized 0.85 V and 0.5 V of electro motive forces with propane gas and ethanol respectively at their direct burning. 

Wood and other combustibles such as com husks are not the only sources of bioenei with a long history of human use. One of the most popular biofuels is ethanol. Ethanol wreis first developed in the early to mid-1800 s, before Edwin Drake s 1859 discovery of petroleum. The push for alternative fuels during that time was driven by the need to replace the whale oil used in lamps, as supphes dwindled and prices increased. By the late 1830 s, ethanol mixed with naturally derived turpentine yms the preferred and cheaper alternative. 

Abstract In this chapter, we present new insights in direct alcohol fuel cell-related anode electrocatalysis based on quantitative differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) studies. First, we review the history and development of the DEMS technique, as well as the calibration method for quantification. We then discuss some contributions of quantitative DEMS to the study of the mechanism of methanol electrooxidation on Pt and PtRu model catalysts. We also discuss quantitative DEMS studies of the mechanism of dissociative adsorption and electrooxidation of ethanol and acetaldehyde at Pt, Pt3Sn, PtRu, and PtRh nanoparticle catalysts. Finally, the mechanism of dissociative adsorption and electrooxidation of ethylene glycol and its oxidative derivatives on carbon-supported Pt, Pt3Sn, and PtRu nanoparticle catalysts are discussed, based on quantitative DEMS results. 

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