Ethanol droplets

J. B. Snow, S.-X. Qian, and R. K. Chang, Stimulated Raman scattering from individual water and ethanol droplets at morphology-dependent resonances, Opt Lett 10, 37-39 (1985). 

Figure 4 Behavior of ethanol droplets in pure CO2 at 363.15 K and pressures of (a) 8, (b) 12, and (c) 13.5 MPa. The interferometric fringes show the diffusion boundary layer (a, b) or mixing flow (c). The droplet diameter in (a) is about 1.6 mm.

Let us consider experimental results obtained for an ethanol-C02 exchange. Figure 14a shows CO2 bubbles injected into pure ethanol solvent. Compared with ethanol droplets injected into pure CO2 under the same conditions (Figure 4a), the mass transfer is much more intense, and the concentration gradients are greater than those for a relatively slow evaporation of ethanol drops into the supercritical phase. In fact, this process is so intense that deformation and surface instability of the bubbles are clearly visible in... 

Figure 15 The overall mass transfer coefficients experimentally obtained for ethanol droplets suspended In pure CO2, as a function of pressure at two different temperatures. The droplet diameter Is about 1.6 mm.

Interfacial resistance is present in the thin layer, the coefficient K is almost constant, and one can neglect the effect of drop curvature on the total resistance. For a C02-saturated ethanol droplet of volume V and surface A the ethanol balance reads... 

Sun Y, Shekunov BY. Surface tension between ethanol droplets and supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2003 27 73-83. 

J.-P. Estrade, H. Carentz, G. Lavergne, Y. Biscos Experimental investigation of dynamic binary collision of ethanol droplets — a model for droplet coalescence and bouncing, Int. J. Heat Huid How 20,486-491 (1999). 

Fig. 8.3 Morphology of an ethanol droplet ( >o = 2.4 irun) impacting onto a smooth stainless steel surface = 0.311 pm, = 2.32 pm) at different surface temperatures and impact...

H. Nomura, M. Koyama, H. Miyamoto, Y. Ujiie, J. Sato, M. Kono, S. Yoda Experiments of flame propagation in ethanol droplet-vapor-air mixture, Proc. Combust. Inst., 28, 999-1005... 

SRS spectra from D2O, H2O, H2O containing 0.5 M KNO and from ethanol droplets have previously been reported. Up to 14th-order Stokes emission has been detected in the SRS spectra of CCl droplets. Microscope photographs of the droplets revealed that the SRS radiation (red) is confined around the interface when pumped by the second-harmonic emission (green) of a NdiYAG laser. ... 

Fig. 5. Dependences of the CARS signal from ethanol droplets and ethanol in a cell as a function of the external angle between the two input beams at and (o. The phase-matching curve for ethanol in a cell is 9 = 2.8 with a HWHM of 0.3°. The phase-matching curve for an ethanol droplet is asymmetrical and broad and does not peak at the same angle for ethanol in a cell. 

However, we believe that the observed angular curve from ethanol droplets can be explained by the following properties of the internal field distributions of the and Ug waves (1) the overlap between the focal volumes of the and waves favors a collinear geometry, i.e., 0 = 0° ... 

Lundgren, M., AUan, N. A., Cosgrove, T., and George, N. 2002. Wetting of water and water/ethanol droplets on a non-polar surface a molecular dynamics study. Langmuir. 18 10462. 

Lundgren, M., Allan, N. L., and Cosgrove, T. 2002. Wetting of Water and Water/Ethanol Droplets on a Non-Polar Surface A Molecular Dynamics Study. Langmuir 18 10462. 

Figure 6.10 [a] Height of ethanol droplets vs. width of the wettable stripe for various AT [colored symbols] and [b] effective interface potential used to model the droplet shape. [Adapted with permission from Ref 33, copyright 2008, American Physical Society]... 

Such simple potential functions are widely used to study the properties of molecular clusters. For example, sulfur hexafluoride clusters [9], methane and ethane clusters [10], water droplets [11,12], methanol droplets [13], water/ethanol droplets [14], and acetonitrile clusters [15] have been investigated through molecular dynamics simulations using such potentials. Water clusters with ions have also been studied [16]. 

Exemplarily, the number of formed satellite droplets is summarized in the standard collision maps for PVP K30 solutions with different solids mass fraction (Fig. 6.12) and sucrose (Fig. 6.13). The shape of the satellite number maps qualitatively agrees with former findings of Breim et al. [21] for ethanol droplets. For clarity, the boundary lines of the model of Jiang et al. [13] using a modified set of parameters and the adapted model of Estrade et al. [12] are also included in Figs. 6.12 and 6.13. 

AFM Atomic force microscopy MED Molarity of an ethanol droplet PA Palmitic acid SOM Soil organic matters ST Stigmasterol... 

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