Ethanol and Dietary Factors

Dietary trace minerals can also alter liver expression of sex-dependent P450 enzymes. Prepubertal male rats fed a zinc-deficient diet 

Finally, caloric restriction and food deprivation have been shown to modulate hepatic expression of sex-dependent liver steroid-metabolizing enzymes, including CYP2C11 (ref [233]) which is suppressed, and CYP3A9 (ref [234]) and steroid 5a-reductase, which are induced. These are situations in which glucagon levels are high and insulin levels are low, analogous to the diabetic state (see Section 5.3.1). 

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