Estrogen-dependent endometrial proliferation

Many PAs and SPRMs display antiproliferative effects in the nonhuman primate endometrium where they suppress estrogen-dependent endometrial proliferation and mitotic activity, secretory activity, and reduce endometrial thickness and wet weight [31, 32]. This antiproliferative effect has been described as noncompetitive [31]. 

In a hormone-responsive endometrial cell line (ECC-1), a methanolic extract of heal all exhibited antiestrogenic activity. Specifically, a reduction in alkaline phosphatase activity and cell proliferation in response to estrogen in a dose-dependent manner was observed. The expression of an estrogen-induced protein was blocked in the cell line both by a standard antiestrogen compound and by the heal all extract (Collins et al. 2009). 

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