Esters, silicate halogenation

It follows that in this method of cocondensation one may employ even an unsubstituted silicon tetrahalide or orthoester in the mixture as a source of tetrafunctional groups. The unsubstituted SiX4 (where X is a halogen or ester group) hydrolyzes to the hypothetical ortho-silicic acid, Si(OH)4, and this cocondenses with the equally hypothetical organosilanediol to incorporate the silica unit within the polymeric structure ... 

Paraffinic and napthenic mineral oils, cutting oils, kerosene, similar petroleum fractions, including food-grade mineral oils and halogenated hydrocarbons. Synthetic oils also claimed aliphatic diesters, silicate esters, and polyalkylene glycol or their derivatives (detailed description of viscosity, etc., of oils specified) Halocarbon or hydrocarbon fluid... 

Weiss [1963] has summarized the very extensive work of himself and his collaborators (Weiss and Hofmann [1951], Weiss et al. [1956, 1956a], Weiss [1958], Weiss et al. [1959]) on alkylammonium-vermiculite complexes. They find that the complexes are formed in simple stoichiometric proportions. Some estimate of the charge density of the silicate layers can be made from X-ray diffraction measurements of the interlayer distance of the pure n-alkyl-ammonium derivatives. Comparison is made with a variety of other minerals (silicates vanadates, phosphates, uranyl salts), which form similar organic complexes. Measurements have been made of the extra swelling produced when alkylammonium-silicates are treated with various liquids, viz., water and aqueous electrolyte solutions, alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, nitrocompounds, phenols, nitrogen bases, esters, ethers, ketones, halogen compounds, and hydrocarbons. 

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