Esters, conjugated, reaction with hydrogen

The derivative 90 was obtained by condensation of the purpurin-18-A-hexylimide-17-propionic acid with aminolactose heptaacetate in the presence of benzotriazol-l-yloxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP) followed by the deacetylation procedure. The lactose-photosensitiser conjugate linked by an ethylene moiety was also prepared by following a similar approach. The purpurin-18-methyl ester 81 was converted into /V-(3-iodobenzyl)/ /evo-purpurin-18-7V-hexylimide-17-propionic ester by hydrogenation over Pd/C followed by reaction with 3-iodo-benzylamine. Afterwards, the propargyllactose heptaacetate reacted with A-(3-iodobenzyl)rMeio-purpurin-18-A-hexylimide-l 7-propionic ester in the presence of tris(dibenzylidieneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2-dba3) which, after deacetylation conditions, afforded the derivative 89 (Fig. 9).68... 

The bicyclic tropane ring of cocaine of course presented serious synthetic difficulties. In one attempt to find an appropriate substitute for this structural unit, a piperidine was prepared that contained methyl groups at the point of attachment of the deleted ring. Condensation of acetone with ammonia affords the piperidone, 17. Isophorone (15) may well be an intermediate in this process conjugate addition of ammonia would then give the aminoketone, 16. Further aldol reaction followed by ammonolysis would afford the observed product. Hydrogenation of the piperidone (18) followed then by reaction with benzoyl chloride gives the ester, 19. Ethanolysis of the nitrile (20) affords alpha-eucaine (21), an effective, albeit somewhat toxic, local anesthetic. 

Aminopenicillanic acid (8) was converted to 6(5)-bromopenicillanic acid by trapping of the diazo-intermediate with hydrogen bromide. Esterification of the dicyclohexylamine salt (93) with p-methoxybenzyl bromide, followed by oxidation, afforded the sulphoxide (94) in 60% yield from 6-APA. Elaboration of this sulphoxide to the disulphide (96) was effected by the procedure established by Kamiya et al. [98] the sulphenic acid (95), formed by heating the sulphoxide to reflux in toluene, was intercepted by reaction with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole to yield the disulphide (96). The latter was transformed by base-catalysed double bond isomerization to the conjugated ester disulphide (97) [95% yield from (94)]. Reductive formylation of disulphide (97) then provided the formylthio-derivative (98). Cyclization of the oxalimide (99), obtained by ozonolysis of... 

Various Pt(IV), Pt(II), and Pt(0) catalysts were screened for the hydrosilylation of fatty acid esters (Eq. 7) containing terminal as well as internal double bonds. The reaction of terminally unsaturated fatty acid esters proceeds smoothly with short reaction times for nearly all catalysts examined, whereas the Pt(IV) and Pt(II) or Pt(0) species with labile ligands are sufficiently active in the reaction of internally unsaturated compounds. For methyl linoleate, a conjugation of the two internal double bonds before the hydrosilylation was observed. The reaction can be carried out in solid as well as in solvent systems, permitting catalyst recycling and reuse. In these systems, however, hydrogenation and double-bond isomerization are found as side reactions [22]. 

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