ESSO Company

Essentially, the process as developed by the Esso Company was the passing of sulfur dioxide and oxygen through various straight chain hydrocarbons in the presence of a source of y radiation. Alkyl radicals produced by irradiation of the hydrocarbon add sulfur dioxide, forming an alkyl sulfonyl radical ... 

Ill 1923, GM set up a special chemical division, the GM Chemical Co., to market the new additive. However, GM became dissatisfied with DuPont s progress at the plant. In order to augment its TEL supply, and to push DuPont into accelerating its pace of production, GM called upon the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (later Esso/Exxon) to set up its own process independently of DuPont. In fact, Jersey Standard had obtained the rights to an ethyl chloride route to TEL. This turned out to be a far cheaper process than the bromide technology. By the niid-1920s, both DuPont and Jersey were producing TEL. 

Cracking is an endothermic reaction, implying that the temperature must be rather high (500 °C), with the consequence that catalysts deactivate rapidly by carbon deposition. The fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) process, developed by Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (1940) (better known as ESSO and nowadays EXXON), offers a solution for the short lifetime of the catalyst. Although cracking is... 

CAFB [Chemically active fluidized-bed] A coal-gasification process intended for producing gas for power generation. Coal particles are injected into a shallow bed of lime particles that trap the sulfur dioxide. The bed particles are regenerated in a second fluidized bed, releasing the sulfur dioxide. Developed in the 1970s by the Esso Petroleum Company, UK, but not commercialized. 

GO-flning [Gas-oil refining] A hydrodesulfurization process adapted for gas oil. The proprietary catalyst is regenerable. Developed by Esso Research Engineering Company and the Union Oil Company of California and jointly licensed by them. First commercialized at Wakayama, Japan, in 1968 by 1972, nine units had been built. 

Hyd rofining A process for desulfurizing and hydrotreating a wide range of petroleum fractions. Licensed by the Esso Research and Engineering Company. 

Powerforming A catalytic reforming process, based on a platinum catalyst. Developed by Esso Research Engineering Company. First commercialized in Baltimore in 1955, and now widely licensed. 

RESID-fining [Residuum refining] A hydrodesulfurization process adapted for petroleum residues. Developed by Esso Research Engineering Company and licensed by them... 

A flux containing Ca, Al, and Mg oxides, or bauxite, is used, and the process takes place in a partial vacuum. Invented in 1965 by E. M. Magee and B. Eisenberg at Esso Research and Engineering Company. An improved version of this process, MAGRAM, is under development at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, which... 

Symonds, G.H. (1955) Linear Programming-The Solution of Refinery Problems, Esso Standard Oil Company New York. 

Gessler AM, Haslett WH (1962) US Patent 3,037,954. (to Esso Research and Engineering Company)... 

Robert W. Schrage, Esso Standard Oil Company, Linden, New Jersey... 

Engineering and to the Esso Petroleum Company for financial assistance, and to Professor F. H. Gamer, O.B.E., for his interest in this work. 

Shortly after World War II, a research chemist at the Standard Oil Development Company (Esso) strolled into an oil additive laboratory and saw an interesting intermediate called perchloro-methyl mercaptan (CCI3SCI). A. F. Kittleson, spurred by visions of the trichloromethyl group in that then new miracle drug DDT, decided to try some reactions with the above described sulfenyl halide. 

Symonds, Gifford, H., "Linear Programming The Solution Of Refinery Problems," Esso Standard Oil Company New York, 1955... 

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