Fatty acid biosynthesis Escherichia coli

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Rock, C.O., Cronan, J.E., Jr. 1996. Escherichia coli as a model for the regulation of dissociable (type II) fatty acid biosynthesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1302 1-16. 

Cronan, J.E., Jr., Silbert, D.F., Wulff, D.L. 1972. Mapping of the fabA locus for unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 112 206-211. 

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the first committed step in long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis (see Chapter 7.11). The overall reaction is catalyzed in two sequential reactions (Scheme 3). First, the biotin carboxylase domain catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of biotin (which is attached to a carrier protein) using bicarbonate as a CO2 donor. In the second reaction, the carboxyl group is transferred from biotin to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA. In mammals, both reactions are catalyzed by a single protein, but in Escherichia coli and other bacteria, the activity is catalyzed by two separate proteins, a biotin carboxylase and a carboxytransferase. Due to its role in fatty acid synthesis, inhibitors of the overall ACC reaction are proposed to be useful as antiobesity drugs in mammals as well as novel antibiotics against bacteria. 

Handke, P., Lynch, S.A., and Gill, R.T. (2011) Application and engineering of fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli for advanced fuels and chemicals. Metab. Eng., 13, 28-37. 

Davis MS, Solbiati J, Cronan JE Jr (2000) Overproduction of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity increases the rate of fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 275 (37) 28593-28598. doi 10.1074/jbc.M004756200... 

Vagelos PR, Alberts AW. Malonyl coenzyme A-CO2 exchange reaction. J Biol Chem 1960 235 2786-2791. Alberts AW, Majerus PW, Vagelos PR. fi-Ketoacyl carrier protein synthase. Meth Enzymol 1969 14 57-60. Cronan JE, Birge CH, Vagelos PR. Evidence for two genes specifically involved in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1969 100 601-604. 

IJMagnuson K, Jackowski S, Rock CO and Cronan JE. Regulation of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Microbiol. Rev. 1993 57 522-542. 

Monson KD, Hayes JM (1980) Biosynthetic control of the natural abimdance of carbon 13 at specific positions within fatty acids in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 255 11435-11441 Monson KD, Hayes JM (1982a) Carbon isotopic fractionation in the biosynthesis of bacterial fatty acids. Ozonolysis of unsaturated fatty acids as a means of determining the intramolecular distribution of carbon isotopes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 46 139-149 Monson KD, Hayes JM (1982b) Biosynthetic control of carbon 13 at specific positions within fatty acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isotope fractionations in lipid synthesis as evidence for peroxisomal regulation. J Biol Chem 257 5568-5575... 

The utility of this methodology is illustrated by the stereoselective synthesis of ( + )-cer-ulenin (759), an antifungal antibiotic first isolated from the culture filtrate of Cephalosporium caerulens. Its ability to inhibit lipid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli by irreversibly binding P-keto-acyl-carrier protein synthetase, the enzyme responsible for the chain lengthening reaction in fatty acid synthesis, has attracted interest in its mechanism of action. D-Tartaric acid... 

Slater and co-workers [38] reported that poly[3HB-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV)] could be synthesised by a special mutant (atoC fadR) strain of Escherichia coli LS5218 harbouring the PHA biosynthesis genes of Cupriavidus necator, which enabled the constitutive expression of the enzymes responsible for the utilisation of short-chain fatty acids however, Escherichia coli LS5218 did not produce a high cell density culture. Next, Choi and Lee (1999)... 

Rehm BHA, Mitsky TA, Steinbtichel A (2001) Role of fatty add de novo biosynthesis in polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) and rhamnolipid synthesis by Pseudomonads establishment of the transacylase (PhaG)-mediated pathway for PHA biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 67 3102-3109... 

Gulevich, A., Skorokhodova, A., Sukhozhenko, A., Shakulov, R., and Debabov, V. (2012) Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for 1-butanol biosynthesis through the inverted aerobic fatty acid P-oxidation pathway. Biotechnol. Lett, 34, 463-469. 

The biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids has been studied at the enzyme level only in yeast, rat liver, Mycobacterium phlei, and Escherichia coli. In all other cases the assignments to groups I or 11 are made on the basis of in vk>o experiments. Organisms are placed in column 1 if they synthesize unsaturated fatty acids from C -acetate anaerobically as well as in air, in column 2 if cells convert stearate or palmitate into octadecenoate or hexadecenoate, respectively. 

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