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Adler, J. and Epstein, W. (1974). Phosphotransferase-system enzymes as chemore-ceptors for certain sugars in Escherichia coli chemotaxis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sd. U.S.A. 71, 2895-2899. 

Le Moual, H., Quang, T. and Koshland, D.E., Jr. (1997). Methylation of the Escherichia coli chemotaxis receptors Intra- and interdimer mechanisms. Biochemistry 36, 13441-13448. 

Ravid, S. and Eisenbach, M. (1983). Correlation between bacteriophage chi adsorption and mode of flagellar rotation of Escherichia coli chemotaxis mutants. /. Bacteriol. 154, 604-611. 

Tisa, L.S. and Adler, J. (1995). Gytoplasmic free-Ga level rises with repellents and falls with attractants in Escherichia coli chemotaxis. Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92,10777-10781. 

Chelsky, D., and Dahlquist, F.W. (1980) Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli Association of protein components. Biochemistry 19, 4633 1639. 

McCormick, B. A., Laux, D. C., and Cohen, P. S. (1990). Neither motility nor chemotaxis plays a role in the ability of Escherichia coli F-18 to colonize the streptomycin-treated mouse large intestine. Infect. Immun. 58, 2957-2961. 

Fuhrer, D.K. Ordal, G.W. Bacillus subtilis CheN, a homolog of CheA, the central regulator of chemotaxis in Escherichia coli. J. BacterioL, 173, 7443-7448 (1991)... 

Pratt, L. A., and R. Kolter. 1998. Genetic analysis of Escherichia coli biofilm formation Roles of flagella, motility, chemotaxis and type I pili. Molecular Microbiology 30 285-293. 

Berg, H.C. and Brown, D.A., Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli analysed by three-dimensional tracking, Nature, 239, 500, 1972. 

A receptor more distantly related to this group of receptors is the bacterial (Escherichia coli) aspartate receptor, which promotes movement of the bacteria and chemotaxis in response to the attractant, aspartate. The aspartate receptor is not a tyrosine kinase (see also Chapter 2). 

C. The Chemotaxis Protein CheY from Escherichia coli... 

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Adler, J. (1973) A method for measuring chemotaxis and use of the method to determine optimum conditions for chemotaxis by Escherichia coli. J. Gen. Microbiol. 74, 77-91. 

Mesibov, R., and Adler, J. (1972) Chemotaxis toward amino acids in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 112, 315-326. 

Parkinson, J. S., and Houts, S. E. (1982) Isolation and behavior of Escherichia coli deletion mutants lacking chemotaxis functions. /. Bac-teriol. 151, 106-113. 

Bacterial motility and chemotaxis have been studied most intensively in Escherichia coli and its close relative Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (earlier called Salmonella typhimurium in this chapter it will be called Salmonella in short). The focus of this chapter is, therefore, on these species. Other bacterial species are discussed in brief. 

Acuna, J., Rojas, J., Amaro, A.M., Toledo, H. and Jerez, C.A. (1992). Chemotaxis of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and other acidophilic chemohthotrophs comparison with the Escherichia coli chemosensory system. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 96, 37-42. 

Adler, J., Hazelbauer, G.L. and Dahl, M.M. (1973). Chemotaxis towards sugars in Escherichia coli.J. Bacteriol. 115, 824-847. 

Barak, R., Prasad, K., Shainskaya, A., Wolfe, A.J. and Eisenbach, M. (2003). Acetylation of the chemotaxis response regulator CheY by acetyl-CoA synthetase from Escherichia coli. Submitted. 

Bischoff, D.S. and Ordal, G.W. (1991). Sequence and characterization of Bacillus subtilis CheB, a homolog of Escherichia coli CheY, and its role in a different mechanism of chemotaxis. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 12301-12305. 

Dahl, M.K. and Manson, M.D. (1985). Interspedfic reconstitution of maltose transport and chemotaxis in Escherichia coli with maltose-binding protein from various enteric bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 164,1057—1063. 

Hazelbauer, G.L. and Adler, J. (1971). Role of the galactose binding protein in chemotaxis of Escherichia coli toward galactose. Nature New Biol. 230, 101-104. Hazelbauer, G.L. and Harayama, S. (1983). Sensory transduction in bacterial chemotaxis. Intemat. Rev. Cytol. 81, 33-70. 

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