Erdey- Gruz

Proton Transfer in Solution Erdey-Gruz, T. Lengyel, S. 12... 

Erdey-Gruz, T., and M. Volmer, Z Phys. Chem., 150A, S203 (1930). 

Figure 3a is an illustration of the effect of surface overpotential on the limiting-current plateau, in the case of copper deposition from an acidified solution at a rotating-disk electrode. The solid curves are calculated limiting currents for various values of the exchange current density, expressed as ratios to the limiting-current density. Here the surface overpotential is related to the current density by the Erdey Gruz-Volmer-Butler equation (V4) ... 

T. Erdey Gruz and M. Volmer, Z. Physikal Chemie, 1930, 150A, 203. 

Erdey-Gruz, T. Volmer, M. Z. Phyzik. Chem. 1930, 150A, 45. 

Erdey-Gruz and Volmer (2) derived the current-potential relationship in 1930 using the Arrhenius equation (1889) for the reaction rate constant and introduced the transfer coefficient. They also formulated the nucleation model of electrochemical crystal growth. 

The potential-dependent part of the activation energy AGp can be estimated by introduction of the transfer coefficient a, which was introduced in 1930 by Erdey-Gruz and Volmer (3). The potential-dependent contribution AgJ to the free energy of activation... 

The charge transfer coefficient, a, was introduced by Erdey-Gruz and Volmer in 1930 as being the proportion of the overpotential assisting electron transfer in the... 

Erdey-Gruz, 1048, 1306 1474 Erschler, 1133, 1134, 1425 Ethylene oxidation, anodic, 1052 1258 Exchange current density, 1049, 1066 correction of, 1069 definition, 1053 electrocatalysis and, 1278 impedance and, 1136 interfacial reaction, 1047 and partly polarizable interface, 1056 Excited states, lifetime, 1478 Exothermic reaction, 1041 Ex situ techniques, 785, 788, 1146... 

However, Butler did not get it all quite right and therefore it is necessary to give credit also to Max Volmer, a great German surface chemist of the 1930s6 and his student (at that time), Erdey-Gruz.7 Butler s very early contribution in 1924 and the... 

Erdey-Gruz and Volmer contribution in 1930 form the basis of phenomenological kinetic electrochemistry. 

The discovery of the heterogeneity of surfaces, and in particular of dislocations (see Section 7.12.12), was made in the 1930s (Taylor, 1936), but there had been theoretical work on metal deposition at an earlier time. The model of the surface employed by these earlier workers (Kossel, 1927 Stranski, 1928 Erdey-Gruz, and Volmer, 193 l)was a flat plane without steps and edges to which the adions produced by ion transfer from the double layer could surface diffuse. The only way a metal could grow on a perfect planar surface without growth sites was by nucleation of the deposited atoms, rather than diffusion to the growth sites shown in Fig. 7.134. 

When the symmetry factor was introduced by Volmer and Erdey-Gruz in 1930, it was thought to be a simple matter of the fraction of the potential that helps or hinders the transfer of an ion to or from the electrode (Section 7.2). A more molecularly oriented version of the effect of P upon reaction rate was introduced by Butler, who was the first to apply Morse-curve-type thinking to the dependence of theenergy-dis -tance relation in respect to nonsolvent and metal—hydrogen bonds. 

T. Erdey-Gruz, Transport Phenomena in Aqueous Solutions, Adam Hilger, London, 1974. 

As seen in Sect. 3.1, the transfer coefficient 0hydrogen electrode reaction, measures the symmetry of the free energy curves at this intersection in the transition state. In Fig. 5, it can be seen that the transfer coefficient determines the rate at which j grows exponentially with 77 for a constant n. 

Erdey-Gruz T, Volmer M (1930) Z Phys Chem 150A 203-213... 

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