ER cell

Kota, J., and Ljungdahl, P.O. (2005) Specialized membrane-localized chaperones prevent aggregation of polytopic proteins in the ER./. Cell Biol. 168, 79-88. 

MP, ElectroSyn and Electro Prod Cells can be modifided to accomodate three-dimensional electrodes. The ER cell designed by Simonsson [79,256] is based on a central catholyte compartment, 10.8 mm thick, filled with irregular... 

Table 17. Data illustrating the operation of the EleetroCell ER cell for the removal of metal ions from waste solution streams [79]...

ER cell ElectroCell AB For example, packed bed of carbon particles within a parallel plate and frame Discontinuous via anodic or open circuit leaching Yes V V... 

Musil LS, Goodenough DA Multisubunit assembly of an integral plasma membrane channel protein, gap junction connexin43, occurs after exit from the ER. Cell 1993 74 1065-1077. 

If Ihe emission is in Ihe visible spectrum it may be cslimaled by visual comparison with standards. In any range of the spectrum, the intensity of the emission may be measured with a phototube, a barrier lay er cell, or with a photographic plate and densitometer. By far the most common procedure is to use a phototube or an electron multiplier phototube attached to a microphotometer or a recorder. 

Levin ER. Cell localization, physiology, and nonge-nomic actions of estrogen receptors. J Appl Physiol. 2001 91 1860-1867. 

ER cell with packed bed of carbon particles within parallel-plate electrodes. The cell performance is achieved by electrolyte movement and high electroactive... 

In order to tentatively clear up the specific catalytic behaviour of catalysts containing Mn, adsorption and coadsorption of CO and NO have been carried out at 300 and 573 K. The adsorbed species were characterized by IR spectrometry.The IR experiments were carried out on a Brucker IFS 110 FTIR spectrometry with a 4 cm resolution in the 1000- 4000 cm l region.The samples were compressed up to 2.105 jjj order to obtain a thin disc of about 15 mg and a 15 mm diameter. Before any IR study, all the samples were reduced in situ in the ER. cell and evacuated at the reduction temperature then cooled under vacuum. The IR spectra of the reduced samples were firstly recorded, then the probe molecules (CO,NO or the CO-NO stoichiometric mixture) were introduced under about 13-2 kPa and the IR spectra were recorded either under gaseous atmosphere or after evacuation. After smoothing and substraction of a linear background, the IR spectra of gaseous and adsorbed molecules are given by the difference spectra between these spectra and the initial spectra of reduced samples. 

Yang, T, et al. 2002. Crucial step in cholesterol homeostasis sterols promote binding of SCAB to INSIG-1, a membrane protein that facilitates retention of SREBPs in ER. Cell 110 489-500. 

Yang, T., Espenshade, P. J., Wright, M. E., Yabe, D., Gong, Y., Aebersold, R., Goldstein, J. L., and Brown, M. S. Crucial step in cholesterol homeostasis sterols promote binding of SCAP to INSIG-1, a membrane protein that facilitates retention of SREBPs in ER. Cell... 

J. Lippincott-Schwartz, LC. Yuan, J.S. Bonifacino, R.D. Klausner, Rapid redistribution of Golgi proteins into the ER in cells treated with brefeldin A evidence for membrane cycling from Golgi to ER, Cell 1989, 56, 801-813. 

Instruments for AAS are similar in general design to that shown in Figure 7-la and consisi of a radiation source, a sample holder, a wavelength selector, a detector, and a signal processor and readout. " The sample holder in atomic absorption instruments is the atoml/.er cell that contains the gaseous atomized sample. 

Crapo JD, Barry BE, Cehr P, Bachofen M, Weibel ER. Cell characteristics of the normal lung. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982 125 740-745. 

Fig. Amplification of ultrashort light pulses through a chain of amplifier dye cells G1-G4, pumped by a frequency-doubled pulsed Nd YAG laser. Saturable absorbers SA1-SA3 are placed e ween e amp i er cells in order to prevent feedback by reflection and to suppress amplified spontaneous emission...

Accordingly, establishing the area per cell in the rectifying section permits proration to the area er cell for the stripping section. As the preferable case, if X = 1, then A = A and the area per cell is the same in both sections, as based upon the permeate. 

Finally, specific peptide sequences have also been gradually immobilised on surfaces, since certain peptide sequences are thought to tri er cell adhesion. Two gradient studies have confirmed this view, Herbert et al. having formd an enhanced fibroblast adhesion on the high-peptide-density end," and smooth muscle cells (SMQ also having displayed increased adhesion (Fig. 17a-c). 

The overpotential 77 of a cell is defined as the difference between the actual E and reversible Er cell potentials. 

P-RARE) promoter. In established breast cancer cell lines the relationship between RARP basal levels and sensitivity to retinoic acid is not simple classical studies have demonstrated a loss of RARP in a number of breast cancer cell lines [22], and these authors state that in the majority of cases the ER" cell lines expressed the receptor, while most of the ER" cells failed to do so. However, other studies failed to show significant levels of the same receptor in several ER cell lines [32]. A possible explanation may come from the existence of mutated RARP forms in ER" cells, that may or not be recognized, depending on the detection methods used. These observations need to be further evaluated, and confronted with other cellular systems, e.g. head and neck cancer cell lines, where an inverse relationship has already been demonstrated between RARP levels and differentiation markers. 

To further complicate this biological-activity scheme, as well as the central importance observed for RARa and RARP in mediating RA activity in breast cancer, recent studies have demonstrated the relevance of the third member of the RAR family, RARy. This receptor also seems to play a role in controlling the growth of breast cancer cells [36], being elevated by RA treatment in several ER and ER" cells, concomitant of retinoid responsiveness [37]. These data are also confirmed by the retained biological activity of RARy-selective retinoids in comparison with RA, as observed by successive studies [38]. 

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