Equipment Constant power reactor

The second heat removal system is an independent cooling system (ICS), which includes, besides a part of primary and secondary circuit equipment, a loop separator-cooling condenser with natural circulation. Via this loop the heat is removed to the intermediate circuit water. This system ensures independent (from the turbine generator systems) reactor cooling and independent reactor plant operation at a constant power level up to 6 % N om at the nominal steam pressure. In case of total RI de-energizig the system ensures cooling of the reactor over several days. Connection/disconnection of ICS is realized with no operator action and without using external power supply systems. 

The definition of the power of ultrasonic equipment is rarely obvious to the chemist. Often, it can be described as the consumption from the electricity supply. However, there can be significant differences between the power supplied from the mains and that delivered into the reactor. Most chemists accept that a satisfactory value is the acoustic power introduced within the reacting medium, which requires physical or chemical methods for its measurement. A relative measurement (from the transducer assembly into the medium) can be linked to the displacement amplitude of the emitter. However, as referred to above, if the amplitude is maintained at the same level during a reaction, a modification of the physical system, e.g., viscosity, temperature, etc., changes the acoustic impedance and the power is not the same. Constant power into the system can only be obtained when the amplitude can be varied, making this parameter unsuitable for power measurements. 

A condensation reaction is to be performed in a stirred tank reactor in the semibatch mode. The solvent is acetone, the industrial charge (final reaction mass) is 2500 kg, and the reaction temperature is 40 °C. The second reactant is added in a stoichiometric amount at a constant rate over two hours. Under these conditions, the maximum accumulation is 30%. The reaction does not produce any gas and its heat release rate is 20 Wkg h The reactor is equipped with a condenser with a cooling power of 250kW and the vapor tube has a diameter of 250mm. The reactor can be considered open. 

Determine the reactor volume required for one reactor and that for two equal-sized reactors in series for 80 percent conversion of A. And if the capital cost of a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor unit is given by 200,000(17/100)° 6 (where V is reactor volume in m3), the life is 20 years with no salvage value, and power costs 3 cents per kilowatt-hour, determine which system has the economic advantage. Assume that overhead, personnel, and other operating costs, except agitation, are constant. The operating year is 340 days. Each reactor is baffled (with a baffle width to tank diameter of 1/12) and equipped with an impeller whose diameter is one-third the tank diameter. The impeller is a six-bladed turbine having a width-to-diameter ratio of 1 /5. The impeller is located at one-third the liquid depth from the bottom. The tank liquid-depth-to-diameter ratio is unity. 

The all-glass reactor consisted of two detachable parts. The upper part was equipped widi four necks for fitting the two inlet tubes, a thermometer, and a powerful multiple-blade stirrer. The lower part of the reactor was immersed in a constant temperature bath, equipped with both heaters and cooling coils. The temperature bath was controlled by a J-tube type thermostat sensitive to 0.1° C. 

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