Equilibrium width

In the simulations, it is evident after each layer of the sinusoid has peeled off, the steps of the newly exposed terrace on the next layer down have not reached their equilibrium width (rms deviation from its average position) rather, they are still essentially straight. 

Figure 2. The correlation function G(f), which measures the rate at which a step position anomalously diffuses away from a starting position. This diffusion is limited to the equilibrium width G(f —> oo ) = wi. The time, t is scaled by x t which is the equilibration time (Xe, defined in Eq. (17)) for the case = (perfect sticking). The curves are for (from the top) ...

Since eq. (A6) must saturate (when f — °o) to the value of the equilibrium width [2]... 

As is known from Fig. 3, in the condition of other given parameters, the limit equilibrium width X, grows as H and q gradually increases. 

As is known from (19), M, has logarithmic function relationship with x . The function monot-onically increases (10, 40), ie, the limit equilibrium width Xo grows with the roof coal thickness M increases. The expression formula of x and M is obtained when the lateral coefficient a = 0.35 and a = 0.4. The corresponding distribution curve of Mq— x are shown in Fig. 5 when is set by the following value 10, 20, 30,40. 

As is known from Fig.5, if the other parameters are given, the limit equilibrium width x gradually increases with roof coal thickness and lateral coefficient. 

Figure 5. Relationship between limit equilibrium width and roof coal thickness.

The results concluded from horizontal displacement analysis of (36) in plastic area are (T horizontal displacement S x is proportional with limit equilibrium width x , and increases with the increasing width horizontal displacement is reversely proportional with integrated elastic modulus E and has linear increment relationship with passion s ratio of plastic area coal. 

Because of mining, abutment pressure transfers to deep part. Combined with relative study (Xie et al. 2006), disturbance coefficient P = 1.82, so the limit equilibrium width of front coal in 8313 face x = P x = 6.15 m. 

The average displacement value measured in field is 210 mm when the limit equilibrium width is 6.57 m. 

If we take into account that the degradation proceeds via the random law then the equilibrium width of MMD should approach value of 2 only after 2-3 breaks. However this is in contrast to the experimentally obtained data illustrated in Fig. 39b. It is seen that MMD depends on the conversion degree and approaches to 1. This effect could be explainded by the variation of the ratio of the values of the elementary constants, which characterize the breaking of C-C bonds in the macromolecule. A decrease of Wj has been registered at the transition to lower molecular polymers, as is the case with fractionated PS and with pol)nners with broad MMD. This might be the explanation of the decrease of the effective upon ozonoly-sis and the narrowing of the MMD [71-73, 108, 111-114]. 

In the development of ECM as a metal removal process, safety and power limitation restrict the voltages that can be used to about 10 to 20V (normally d.c.). Now aqueous electrolytes such as 20 sodium chloride solution have a specific conductivity of the order of only 0.1 ohm" cm, at ambient temperatures of about 19 C. Therefore, metal dissolution rates that are comparable with those of established machining processes can be achieved only by narrowing the inter-select rode gap to about 0.5 mm, in order to reach the currents of the order of 100 to 10,000A that are needed for the electrolytic actior. (This gap is usually kept constant at an equilibrium width by mechanically feeding one electrode, the cathode say, towards the other at a fixed rate, typically at 1 mm/min, such that the rate at which the anode surface recedes through dissolution is matched by the forward movement of the cathode-stool). 

The characteristics of the ECM process can now be summarized. A cathode- tool is cut from a soft metal, such as brass or copper, to a shape which is the image of that required on the anode workpiece, which typically would be a tou metal, such as a nickel alloy or titanium. A solution of electrolyte, for example 20 sodium chloride or sodium nitrate, is pumped between the two electrodes. When d.c. of about 10V is applied between them, the inter- electrode gap tends to an equilibrium width, if the tool is moved mechanically towards the workpiece in order to maintain the ECM action and a shape, complementary to that of the tool, is reproduced on the workpiece. 

In order to excite its vocal folds, Robovox needs to produce pressure flow by reducing the equilibrium width of the lungs. This is achieved by i ucing the value of the Lungs variable from 0.1 to 0.0 during the initial 0.03 seconds of the utterance. 

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