Epoxyethane reaction with

In 1912, Straus [7] suggested that the first step in the reaction of a Grignard reagent with a carbonyl compound was the replacement of the ether in the complex (analogous to what had earlier been proposed by Kohler [8] see also Grignard s view on the first step of reactions with epoxyethane as represented in Fig. 2) followed by the formation of the carbon-carbon bond (Scheme 1) ... 

Cyclic ethers would be expected to undergo ring-opening reactions with carbonyl difluoride as with phosgene. Epoxyethane reacts with two moles of COFj, in the presence of pyridine, according to the following equations [24a] ... 

PHENYL-l, 2-EPOXYETHANE (96-09-3) CgHjO Combustible polymerizable liquid (flash point 165°F/74°C 175°F/79°Ct Fire Rating 2). Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, nitric acid, sulfuric acid. Reacts with acids, alcohols, alkalis, bases, amines, amides, and inorganic hydroxides some salts, possibly causing explosive polymerization. Reacts with 4-(4 -nitrobenzyl)pyridine. On small fires, use dry chemical powder (such as Purple-K-Powder), Halon , or COj extinguishers. See also styrene. 

PHENYL-l,2-EPOXYETHANE (96-09-3) Combustible liquid (flash point 165°F/ 74°C). Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, nitric acid, sulfuric acid. Reacts with acids, alkalis, and some salts, possibly causing explosive polymerization. See also Styrene. 

Although alkali metal alcoholates are known to initiate living anionic polymerization of epoxyethane (11, R = H), use of these conventional initiators for the polymerization of substituted epoxides results in the concomitant occurrence of side reactions with respect to the substituents.- With 11 (R = Me) as a monomer, a proton transfer from the methyl group of 11 (R = Me) to the growing alcoholate species occurs, to give a polymer having a hydroxyl ter-... 

Treatment of 1,1-diphenyl-1,2-epoxyethane with aqueous acid yields diphenylacetaldehyde as the major product. Propose a mechanism for the reaction. 

As will be seen in the following section the most widespread use of the alkylation of lactones is that of y-lactones. Clearly the need for a-substitution of y-lactones was present before the advent of Creger s non-nucleophilic base. The most versatile method was the reaction of a-substitutcd malonic or acetoacetic esters with epoxyethane or 2-chloroethanol, followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation or ketonic cleavage5. Another common approach was the condensation of butyrolactones (y-lactones) with aldehydes and subsequent hydrogenation5,s. It should be mentioned at this point that these older methods still have their merits, especially for large scale production. 

For the first phase of the reaction of RMgX with epoxyethane, Grignard, 1 year later [3], preferred the following structure (Fig. 2) over the one suggested by Bayer and Villiger ... 

EPOXYETHANE (French) (75-21-8) Flammable gas (flash point -4°F/-20°C). Dangerously reactive may rearrange chemically and/or polymerize violently with evolution of heat, when in contact with highly active catalytic surfaces such as anhydrous chlorides of iron, tin, or aluminum, pure oxides of iron or aluminum, and alkali hydroxides. Even small amounts of strong acids, alkalis, oxidizers can cause a reaction. Explosive polymerization can occur on contact with amines, ammonia, metallic potassium, covalent halides. Violent... 

Quantum chemical calculation for the reaction of NO3 and C2H4 was made by Nguyen et al. (2011). They confirmed the picture that the initial pathway is the electrophilic addition of O atom of NO3 to C-C double bond to form an open-chain adduct, as shown in reaction (5.103). Form this calculation, 80-90 % of the formed adduct is stabilized in this form, and the remaining 10-20 % forms epoxyethane. The calculated rate constants agreed well with the experimental values. 

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