Resin and epoxy technologies

Fascinating Facts About Epoxies and Resin Technologies... 

See also Computer Science Epoxies and Resin Technologies Plastics Engineering. 

Schlack [2] and Castan [3,4] are credited with the earliest U.S. patents describing epoxy resin technology. Greenlee [5] further emphasized the use of bisphenols and their reaction with epichlorohydrin to yield diepoxides capable of reaction with crude tall oil resin acids to yield resins useful for coatings. The use of diepoxide resins that are cured with amines was reported by Whittier and Lawn [6] in a U.S. patent in 1956. 

Epoxy resin technology has been reviewed and a number of relevant references are available [7,11-16]. 

H. Lee and K. Neville, Epoxy Resins, Their Applications and Technology, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1957 Handbook of Epoxy Resins. New York McGraw-Hill, 1967 Encycl. Polym. Sci. Technol. 6, 209 (1967) I. Skeist, Epoxy Resins. Princeton, New Jersey Van Nostrand-Rheinhold, 1958 M. W. Ranney, Epoxy and Urethane Adhesives. New Jersey Noyes Data Corp., 1971 G. R. Somerville and P. D. Jones, Abstr. 168th Am. Chem. Soc. Meet., Atlantic City, N.J., 1974 Abstract ORPL, 146 in the Organic Coatings and Polymer Chemistry Division (1974). 

Composite In polymer technology a combination of a polymeric matrix and a reinforcing fiber with properties that the component materials do not have. The most common matrix resins are unsaturated thermosetting polyesters and epoxies, and reinforcing fibers are glass, carbon, and aramid fibers. The reinforcing fibers may be continuous or discontinuous. Some matrix resins are thermoplastics. 

Gilman, J.W., Kashiwagi, T., Nyden, M., Brown, J.E.T., Jackson, C.L., Lomakin, S., Giannelis, E.P., and Manias, E., Flammability studies of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites Polyolefin, epoxy, and vinyl ester resins, in Chemistry cmd Technology of Polymer Additives, Al-Malaika, S., Golovoy, A., and Wilkie, C.A., (Eds.), Blackwell Science, Oxford, U.K., 1999, Chapter 14, pp. 249-265. 

Meath, A. R. Chemistry, Properties, and Applications of Epoxy Novolac, Flexible Epoxy, and Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins, Chapter 3 in Epoxy Resin Technology, P. F. Bruins, ed., Interscience Publishers, New York, 1968, p. 34. 

A review is given in Ref. [37] on the principles of the pressing and transfer molding technology of profile articles from compositions based on amino-, pheno- and epoxy resins. The designs of the press-molds in use and the technological equipment of commercial processes are described. 

The details of epoxy resin chemistry and various technologies are covered elsewhere (Lee and Nivelle, 1967 May, 1988 Oldring, 19%). 

The history of epoxy resins begins in the early 1900s with the reported epoxidation of olefins. This technique was used only for the production of higher molecular weight mono-epoxy compounds. The technology was further explored only after the Second World War. Different contributions in the development of epoxies are outlined as follows (Lee and Nivelle, 1967, 1972 Sherman et al, 1982). 

The separate phases will be rich in one component but may have the other present as a minor component. In order to control compatibility the elastomer may have reactive end groups to enhance interfacial adhesion. A common example in epoxy-resin technology is the carboxy-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBN). The structure is shown in Scheme 1.47. In this resin the solubility in the epoxy resin is conferred by the acrylonitrile group, and an increase in the fraction present decreases the upper critical solution temperature, with 26% acrylonitrile conferring total miscibility of CTBN with a DGEBA-based epoxy resin (Pascault et al, 2002). 

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