Epidural steroid injections

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Field J, Rathmell JP, Stephenson JH, Katz NP. Neuropathic pain following cervical epidural steroid injection. Anesthesiology 2000 93(3) 885-8. 

Stafford MA, Peng P, Hill DA. Sciatica a review of history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and the role of epidural steroid injection in management. Br J Anaesth 2007 99 461-73. 

McAllister RK, McDavid AJ, Meyer TA, Bittenbinder TM. Recurrent persistent hiccups after epidural steroid injection and analgesia with bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 2005 100(6) 1834-6. 

Boonen S, Van Distel G, Westhovens R, Dequeker J. Steroid myopathy induced by epidural triamcinolone injection. Br J Rheumatol 1995 34(4) 385-6. 

There are many types of steroid hormones in the body, such as the sex/gonadal hormones testosterone and estrogen, thyroid hormones, growth hormones, and stress hormones, which serve various normal functions. One type of steroid— corticosteroids or glucocorticoids—is secreted by the adrenal glands (located just above the kidneys). These steroids, particularly synthetic versions of them, have powerful antiinflammatory actions that help to relieve pain. They are often given as an epidural injection to relieve neck or back pain that results from a compressed or pinched nerve. They can also be injected directly into a joint to relieve pain caused by inflammation in conditions such as tendonitis (inflammation of the tendons), carpal tunnel syndrome, tennis elbow, bursitis (inflammation of sac-like cavities in tendons or muscles that allow them to slide easily over bone), or other joint pain. Professional athletes, who routinely experience one or more of these conditions, are often given local steroid injections. Frequently, the steroid is combined with a local anesthetic such as lidocaine. 

When used via the epidural route, the site for injection must be free of infection. In addition, the use of corticosteroids by the patient should be halted for at least 2 weeks prior to the insertion of the catheter to prevent infection, since morphine increases the immunosuppressive effects of the steroids. 

Mepirzapin mirtazapine. mepitiostane [inn, jan] (S i0364) is a steroid with anabolic and antioestrogen activity. It has been used as an oral ANTICANCER AGENT for breast cancer, mepivacaine [ban. inn] (meplvacalne hydrochloride [usan] Carbocaine Polocaine Scandonest ) is an ester series LOCAL ANAESTHETIC with a rapid onset and intermediate duration of action. It is used by injection for infiltration, dental, regional and epidural pain relief and motor block, mepivacaine hydrochioride mepivacaine. mepixanox [inn] is a cm stimulant and respiratory... 

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