Epidemiological model

The second reason for the breakdown of revenue equivalence is that vaccines are more likely to interfere with the spread of a disease than are drug treatments, thus reducing demand for the product. By embedding an economic model within a standard dynamic epidemiological model, they show that the steady-state flow of revenue is greater for drug treatments than for vaccines. 

Basu S, Andrews JR, Poolman EM, Gandhi NR, Shah NS, Moll A et al. Prevention of nosocomial transmission of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in rural South African district hospitals an epidemiological modelling study. Lancet 2007 370(9597) 1500-7. 

Cancer of the esophagus is not amenable to satisfactory surgical or chemical intervention and must therefore be addressed by searching for preventative measures. This type of neoplasm provides a unique epidemiologic model for the study of cancer causation and offers a means to learn more about initiation and promotion of this unique tumor. 

Gemmell, M. A. Lawson, J. R. (1982). Ovine cysticercosis an epidemiological model for the cysticercoses. I. The free-living egg phase. In Cysticercosis present state of knowledge and perspectives, ed. 

Dunnigan MG and Henderson JB (1997) An epidemiological model of privational rickets and osteomalacia. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 56,939-56. 

Although it is computationally efficient, the IFM ignores many of the demographic attributes of prairie dogs and fleas that may determine potential plague threat to humans. Thus, a series of more detailed population-level epidemiological models (e.g., Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered, or SIR models) can be used to determine the influence of the spatial structure of prairie dog populations (in terms... 

Sheeler, L.L., 2002. Epidemiological model of raccoon rabies in Alabama, Ph.D. dissertation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX. 

Epidemiological Modelling for Monitoring and Evaluation of Lymphatic Filariasis Control... 

Like the other epidemiology models in Table 1, exposure misclassihcation is a given, because central monitor readings are used to develop the factors. That said, it is useful to review the findings of different factor analyses and to see how factor analyses have developed over time. The next two subsections briefly illustrate some of the characteristics and issues with contemporary factor analyses. 

These are but a few of them single event theory chain of events theory epidemiological models systems theory models multilinear events sequencing human factors models life change unit theory motivation-reward satisfaction models and the management oversight and risk tree model. 

Epidemiological models, assuming a more complex linear dependencies in accidents, explaining accidents as unsafe acts in combination with weak defenses using barrier models, accidents are caused by missing barriers or holes in barriers. 

The taxonomy to identify proactive indicators has been partly based on HSE (2006), using an epidemiological model, exploring indicators to survey the state of barriers. If a barrier is used to reduce the probability of an incident, the state of the barrier can be used as a proactive indicator. 

There was a focus on epidemiological models and sequential models. The accident analysis team did find what they were looking for, i.e. missing barriers in a perspective of man, oiganization and technology. The main rot causes found, were ... 

The first aspects relates to inflationary attribution of management deficiencies in accident causation as a result of the misapplication of epidemiological models. The second aspect relates to the shortcomings of epidemiological models in general. 

The main criticism that is often referred to is the linearity of epidemiological models. It looks, at a... 

Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM) is a Java-written framework under the Eclipse Public License (EPL) that is used for creating spatial and temporal models of infectious diseases. 

The simple, linear model was superseded in the 1980s by the epidemiological model, the best known example of which is the Swiss cheese model. The Swiss cheese model represents events in terms of composite linear causality, where adverse outcomes are due to combinations of active failures (or unsafe acts) and latent conditions (hazards). Event analysis thus looks for how degraded barriers or defences can combine with active (human) failures. Similarly, risk analysis focuses on finding the conditions under which combinations of single failures and latent conditions may result in an adverse outcome, where the latent conditions are conceived of as degraded barriers or weakened defences (Figure 4.2). 

Conventional safety theorists put the lens on finding out accidents and injuries. There is, however, a trend in encompassing environmental factors which may be possible to cause an accident. Based on this idea, the Epidemiological Model views accidents as a disease entity which arise as a product of interaction between the agent, environment and the host (Goetsch 2003). Nevertheless, whether the agent in accidents can be meaningfully separated from its environment is in doubt (Hacker and Suchman 1963). 

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