Epichlorohydrin with carboxylic acids, reaction

A variety of terminal functional groups and their chemical transformations on SAMs have been examined for example, (i) olefins—oxidation [23,24,131,132], hydroboration, and halogenation [23,24] (ii) amines—silyla-tion [145,146], coupling with carboxylic acids [22,146], and condensation with aldehydes [22,147] (iii) hydroxyl groups—reactions with anhydrides [148,149], isocyanates [150], epichlorohydrin [151], and chlorosilanes [152] (iv) carboxylic acids—formation of acyl chlorides [153], mixed anhydrides [154], and activated esters [148,155] (v) carboxylic esters—reduction and hydrolysis [156] (vi) thiols and sulfides—oxidation to generate disulfides [157-159] and sulfoxides [160] and (vii) aldehydes—condensation with active amines [161], Nucleophilic... 

The boric and sulfuric acids are recycled to a HBF solution by reaction with CaF2. As a strong acid, fluoroboric acid is frequently used as an acid catalyst, eg, in synthesizing mixed polyol esters (29). This process provides an inexpensive route to confectioner s hard-butter compositions which are substitutes for cocoa butter in chocolate candies (see Chocolate and cocoa). Epichlorohydrin is polymerized in the presence of HBF for eventual conversion to polyglycidyl ethers (30) (see Chlorohydrins). A more concentrated solution, 61—71% HBF, catalyzes the addition of CO and water to olefins under pressure to form neo acids (31) (see Carboxylic acids). 

In addition, glycidyl esters are produced by the reaction of cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids with epichlorohydrin, followed by dehydrohalogenation with caustic. Such products are characterized by low viscosities (ca 500 mPa-s (=cP)). Reactivity of the glycidyl esters more closely resembles the standard bisphenol—epichlorohydrin resins. 

ETHANE CARBOXYLIC ACID (79-09-4) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 126°F/52°C). Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, caustic substances. Incompatible with aliphatic amines, alkalis, alkanolamines, ammonia, alkylene oxides, epichlorohydrin, isocyanates, sulfuric acid. Flow or agitation of substance may generate electrostatic charges due to low conductivity. Attacks many metals, forming explosive hydrogen gas. 

Glycidyl Esters. Glycidyl esters are prepared by the reaction of carboxylic acids with epichlorohydrin followed by dehydrochlorination with caustic ... 

Matsuda introduced carboxyl groups to wood meal using dicarboxylic anhydrides. Maleic (MA), succinic (SA), and phthalic anhydride (PA) were used as acid anhydrides, N,A -dimethylbenzylamine was used as a catalyst, and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethylformamide (DMF) was used as solvent [14]. The carboxyl groups in the esterified wood were then further reacted with epichlorohydrin to produce oligoesterified woods. A detailed description of these reactions is given in Chapter 6. 

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