Ephedra sinica Stapf

Chinese Ephedra 38 known compounds Eohedraceae (EPHEDRA SINICA STAPF)... 

Ephedra sinica Stapf. China 1-ephedrine, 1-methylephedrine, 1-norephedrine, methylephedrine, d-pseudoephedrinem, d-N-methylpseudoephedrine.30-3133-510 Treat asthma, sympathomimetic action, relieve headache, body ache, and coughing, lower fever by increasing perspiration. 

The Chinese drug ma huang (Ephedra sinica Stapf) has been used in China for more than SOOOyears. The alkaloid that is responsible for the CNS stimulant effects is ephedrine. The levorotatory erythro isomer ( l)is the most active of the four possible stereoisomers with that structural formula. Khat (kat, or qat) or Abyssinian tea Catha edulis Forskal) is the product from a small tree or shrub indigenous to tropical East Afiica. Khat leaves are chewed habitually by peoples in East Africa and certain other Arabian countries, and produce a mild CNS stimulant effect (2). The principal... 

Li HX, Ding MY, Lv K, Yu JY. Separation and determination of ephedrine alkaloids and tetramethylpyrazine in Ephedra sinica Stapf by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2001 39 370-374. 

Efhedrine (Jl) is an alkaloid of the Chinese medicinal herb Ma Huang which has been identified as Ephedra sinica Stapf (14), and it also occurs in the leaves of the yew, Taxus baccata L. (15). The natural base is the Z-isomer. The Chinese plant contains small amounts of several closely related alkaloids d-pseudoephedrine, d-norpsevdoephedrine (III), l-methyl-ephedrine (IV), and d-methylpseudoephedrine. d-Pseudoephedrine is a diastereoisomer but not an enantiomorph of Z-ephedrine. 

Ephedra sinica Stapf Ephedraceae Immunosuppressive activities [154]... 

Ephedra sinica Stapf is a traditional Chinese medicine its main active constituents are alkaloids, primarily ephedrine and pseudoephedrine which has the fvmctions of sweating, diuresis and detumescence and so on. Beside the production of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, a large amount of solid waste-ephedra waste is also an output from Chinese traditional medicine industry. Currently, they are disposed through combustion or land filling, which produces secondary pollution easily. The main components of the ephedra waste are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (Feng Zhang 2013). We can have a chemical modification of ephedra waste, then use it as biosorbent of Cu +. 

A major source of Ephedra is near to the seacoast in southern China and this local formerly supplies most of the American market [12]. These popular herbs, also known as ma huang in traditional Chinese medicine, can be found in subtropical zones in Asia, Europe, and America [8, 13]. The name ma huang has Chinese origins, in which ma means astringent and huang means yellow, probably referring to the taste and color of the plant or tops of Ephedra sinica Stapf [12]. 

Ephedra is the dried herbaceous stem of Ephedra sinica Stapf, Ephedra intermedia Schnenk et C.A. Mey. or Ephedra equisetina Bge. (Fam. Ephedraceae). 

Source Chinese ephedra Ephedra sinica Stapf. Intermediate ephedra Ephedra intermedia Shrenk et C. A. Mey. Mongolian ephedra Ephedra equisetina Bge. Other Ephedra spp. (Family Ephedraceae). 

Ephredras are the dried stems of Ephedra sinica Stapf., E. intermedia Schrenk et C.A. May., or E. equisetina Bge. In TCM, ephedra is the primary component of multi-herb formulas to treat asthma and bronchitis, cold and flu, cough and wheezing, fever, chills, lack of perspiration, headache, and nasal congestion. 

Ephedrine and its derivatives are present in Ephedra sinica Stapf, used for millennia as a stimulant. The absence... 

Ephedra distachya L., E. intermedia Schrenk ex Mey., E. sinica Stapf., E. monosperma Gmel. ex. Mey., E. equisetina Bunge. 

Nowadays the Ephedra species are mainly used for extraction of the active ingredient, the alkaloid (-) ephedrine. Not only the classical Chinese species E. sinica Stapf. is used, but mainly the species E.pferardiana. Wall ex. Stapf and E. major Host. =E. nebrodensis Finco), which both grow in India and Pakistan, and E. distachya L., which grows in Southern France. 

Ephedra Equisetina, Ma Huang. Stems and Leaves of Ephedra equisetina Bunge, E sinica Stapf. and other species of Ephedra, Gnetaceae. Indigenous to China and India. ]t contains 0.75 to over 1% ephedrine it is the source of natural ephedrine. Contains also variable quantities of pseud oephed ri rt e. 

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