Ephedra gerardiana

Cathinone C9H,N0 149.19 -26.5° (CH2CI2) Catha edulis. Ephedra gerardiana 71031-15-7... 

Ramawat KG, Arya HC (1976) Growth and morphogenesis in callus cultures of Ephedra gerardiana. Phytomorphology 26 395-403... 

Owing to the disturbed state of China in recent years, supplies of Ephedra from that quarter have diminished and for some time were replaced by a drug of Spanish origin and later, as Spain also became involved in civil war, by supplies from India, where attentidn has been given to the five indigenous species E. intermedia Schrenk and Mayer, E. gerardiana Wall, E. nebrodensis Tineo, E. pachyclada Boiss. and E. foliata Boiss., of which the first three are of commercial importance. ... 

The world war made all these sources of supply difficult of access and stimulated interest in the possibilities of local production. Examination of a number of American species of ephedra had already shown them to be devoid of alkaloids, except for the S. American species E. andina, in which Chavezt found ephedrine, and in the United States attention has been given to the experimental cultivation of imported species, notably E. sinica and E. gerardiana a Moroccan type, E. alenda, was found to contain only ). In Australia experimental cultivation of the Indian species E. gerardiana, E. intermedia and E. nebrodensis has been tried and preliminary yields of 1-35, 1-OS and 0-98 per cent, of total alkaloids respectively have been recorded. In Russia, E. equisetina and E. intermedia are available and are considered to be worth exploitation. In Italy various local species have been found to contain mainly i -ephedrine and that in small amount, but better results are recorded for two species already referred to and which are available in Sardinia, viz. E. vulgaris Rich and E. nebrodensis. ... 

Catha edulis (khat) (Celastraceae), Ephedra equisitina, E. gerardiana,... 

Related Species Ephedra distacha (European ephedra) E. trifurca or E. viriditis (desert tea) E. nevadensis E. americana (American ephedra) E. gerardiana (Pakistani ephedra)... 

E. intermedia collected in one area and in E. gerardiana. Specimens of E. intermedia collected in other areas contained N-methylephedrine in addition, as did E. gerardiana var. sikkimensis, E. nebrodensis var. procera, an unidentified Ephedra sp., and various commercial samples of the drug Ma-Huang. The cactus Opuntia clavata has been shown to contain iV-methyltyramine. Whereas no alkaloids could be detected in a number of Thelocactus spp., seven cacti of the genus Gymnocactus were found to contain various amounts of N-methyl- -phenethylamine, in some cases accompanied by hordenine and iV-methyltyramine. ... 

Ephedrine (l/ -25-2-methylamino-l-phenylpropan-l-ol) is an adrenergic amine present in many kinds of pharmaceutical preparations, obtained by synthesis or from natural sources. Belonging to the genus Ephedra (Ephedraceae), the Chinese species Ephedra sinica and Ephedra equisetina, also known as ma huang, and the Indian and Pakistani species E. gerardiana, E. intermedia, and E. major are the... 

Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the main active constituents of the Ephedra. Described in pharmacopoeias of China, Germany, and Japan, the dried young branches of Ephedra sinica, E. equisetina, and E. gerardiana contain not less than 1.25 % of alkaloids [20]. Japanese pharmacopoeia specifies not less than 0.6 % [21]. 

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