Enzyme catalysis, chemical transduction

Additionally, phenomena such as catalysis, ion-pair interactions, chemi- or bioluminescence, redox changes, etc., may be employed in the chemical transduction process. In catalysis type of system, for example, the immobilized reagent catalyzes the conversion of analyte to form a product whose optical property is then measured. Several examples of such reactions include those which utilize immobilized enzymes acting as a catalyst. The response of the sensor in such a system, involves a steady state, in which the rate of product formation is equal to the rate at which it is removed from the transducer by processes such as diffusion and convection. The concentration of the steady-state product increases with... 

Independently of McClare, similar ideas have been put forward by one of us [1, 2] who elaborated on the concept of molecular machines for enzyme catalysis and energy transduction in chemical and biochemical systems. A central point of this concept was founded on the notion of the crucial role of the conformational relaxation of biopolymers in catalyzing biochemical processes. We will consider the application of this relaxation concept to enzymo-logy and bioenergetics in Chapters 4 and 5. We now focus our attention on the general principles of energy transduction by molecular machines. 

The interactions between histidine and metal species play essential roles in a wide range of important biological processes including enzymes catalysis and signal transduction. Zhou et al. have employed solid-state NMR techniques to determine the interaction between histidine and Zn(ii) from pH 3.5 to 14. 2D homo- and heteronuclear correlation NMR experiments were utilized to extract the and N chemical... 

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