Enzyme and Neoteric Solvent Mixture

Enzyme biocatalysts were as well tested in neoteric solvents e.g., ionic liquids, supercritical CO, fluorous solvents, and liquid polymers) comparative with conventional solvents e.g., water and organic solvents) in order to achieve a greener biotransformation of the biomass into value-added products [122]. The results provided clear evidences that the enzyme catalyst 

The lactose conversion into various derivatives has been achieved using (3-galactosidase immobilized in an ionic liquid-cellulose film [127]. Enzyme was immobilized via GA approach involving the pre-activation of the supported film. This biocomposite architecture allowed to preserve around 60% of the initial -galactosidase activity. The lactose derivatiza-tion was performed in a batch system, where the biocatalyst was repeatedly used for 16 reaction cycles without any drastic decrease of the enzyme activity [127]. 

Another interesting strategy to combine an enzyme and an ionic liquid in a biocomposite configuration was reported by Vaultier et al [128]. Cellulase was immobilized onto a polymeric support (Amberhte XAD4) coated with a hydrophobic ionic liquid ([N jJ [NTfJ) and tested in saccharification of IL-dissolved cellulose. The presence of amberhte as a cover avoided the deactivation of the cellulose in the hydrophiHc medium [128]. 

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