Enzootic foci

Enzootic foci Locations where a disease has become endemic in a nonhuman population. 

There is another and even more serious problem to be considered. All living things in such a target area would inhale the aerosol. This would involve a variety of animals and birds, both domestic and wild. There might be some very serious consequences from this, in that new enzootic foci of disease might be established—for example, an aerosol of the plague bacillus might seek out rats in their burrows or squirrels in their dens. 

The natural factors of Aral Sea regression and Caspian Sea transgression were considered when determining plague-focus epidemic potential. The expansion of zone enzootics in the shoaled parts of the Aral Sea was revealed. The water level in the Caspian Sea rose 2 m, changing the contours of the coastal site. Raised subsoil in the waters has changed the microclimate in rodent holes, which has resulted in the dying off of fleas and the sanitation of foci. 

The finding that the enzootic dystrophy of lambs in the United States could be prevented by giving vitamin E (Willman et al., 1945) and that an enzootic dystrophy of calves in Scotland could be similarly prevented (Blaxter and Sharman, 1953) focused attention on the tocopherol status of the animals concerned. In Scotland it was found that the diets of the dams of the calves were extremely low in tocopherol content (Blaxter, 1957), but that the amounts of tocopherol required to prevent the disease were considerable 20 mg a-tocopheryl acetate per calf per day was the minimal protective dose. The disease could hardly be termed a simple dietary deficiency of vitamin E. Results which lead to the same conclusion have been found elsewhere. Thus no close correlation has been found between blood concentrations or dietary concentrations of tocopherols and the incidence of dystrophy in the absence of tocopherol therapy. In some instances slightly lower blood concentrations have been found in dystrophic animals (Reinius and Makinen, 1960) in other investigations no marked differences (Schubert et al., 1961 Safford et al., 1956 Hogue et al., 1957),... 

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