Environmental charges

Solomon, S. (1997) Mid-Latitude Ozone Depletion, in G.P. Brasseur (ed.), The Stratosphere and Its Role in the Climate System, NATO ASJ Series Series I Global Environmental Charge, Vol. 54, Springer-Verlag... 

The basic costs incurred for making a product, at the manufacturing plant level excluding site and company overheads, are the cost of the materials and the expenses incurred in carrying out the manufacture, including environmental charges for waste treatment or disposal. 

E. Gawel, Enforcement of Environmental Charges Some Economic aspects and Evidence from the German Waste Water Charge, European Environment, 2001, 11, 223. 

Allocated environmental charges to cover superfund payments (see Chapter 14)—typically 1% of ISBL plus OSBL cost. 

By actual income we mean the income, which considered the environmental charges... 

The economical advantages and disadvantages mentioned above depend strongly on the internal accounting system of a company and on possible environmental charges on the use of volatile solvents, as they are anticipated in many countries in the future. 

Boston U. Settles Environmental Charges, NACUBO Business Officer, November 1997. 

Reduced sulfur content in ship fuels This voluntary measure incurred a shortterm additional cost for AssiDoman, but was more environmentally cost-effective than alternative measures to reduce sulfiir emissions. It influenced the decision of authorities regarding environmental charges for shipping. 

Environmental information is available extensively on the free Internet. Two main reasons aeeount for this. First, the freedom of environmental information law and, secondly, the fact that many environmental databases which used to be available only commercially are now accessible on the free Internet. This section focuses on environmental information which is available free of charge on the Internet. Three main paths are distinguished for searching environmental information effectively. In general, all three routes should be taken into consideration for achieving a sound search result for environmental information on chemical stibstances... 

The performance characteristics of ceramic sensors are defined by one or more of the foUowing material properties bulk, grain boundary, interface, or surface. Sensor response arises from the nonelectrical input because the environmental variable effects charge generation and transport in the sensor material. 

In the field of toner materials, the emphasis in the 1990s is on increasing developer life, particularly using color toners. The life of a typical black two-component developer is about 80—100 kilocycles per kilogram, whereas for color toners it is only about 10 kilocycles per kilogram (64). Also, there is a need for better control of triboelectrification of toner particles that would not only allow stable operation under all environmental conditions but also provide consistent, fast, and reproducible contact charging. 

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