Environmental and Biological Degradation

Another interesting example of biodegradation by the use of Chryseobacterium eum for the decomposition of photo-degraded linear lower-density polyethylene (LLDPE) [42]. LLDPE is used extensively in agricultural plastics such as films used in greenhouses and mulches. Kim and Jeon [42] discuss the degradation of UV-treated LLDPE with the meso-philic bacterium. 

A large wealth of literature is available for biological degradation of polymers in soil or compost, whereas little information is available on the degradation processes in aqueous environments. Since the applications of polymers in contact with aqueous environments are now gaining popularity, biodegradation under aqueous conditions becomes a matter of concern. The durability and lifetime of polymers certainly depends on the water body composition wherein they are used (seawater, freshwater, etc.) and also on the availability of methods that can detect the level of degradation in such conditions. 

Another example is that of a recalcitrant (non-responssive) polymer like polyimides. This class of polymers has an impressive set of credentials making them a popular choice among polymeric materials. They are chemically inert to oils and greases. They demonstrate considerable thermal and electrical resistance, and substantial load bearing capacities. Their flame-retardant properties make them a reliable choice for halo-gen-free alternatives in addition to other applications [12,43]. 

Bacterial association with surfaces results in formation of a biofilm, in a process called microfouling [41, 46]. Virtually, all surfaces can act as substrates for bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Therefore, the possibility of surficial degradation of the polymeric 

Method Pulymer funti (physiology, morphology) Inoculum and degradation Criteria monitored Comments Selected reis. 

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