Entrapment of proteins

Similarly to the above-mentioned entrapment of proteins by biomimetic routes, the sol-gel procedure is a useful method for the encapsulation of enzymes and other biological material due to the mild conditions required for the preparation of the silica networks [54,55]. The confinement of the enzyme in the pores of the silica matrix preserves its catalytic activity, since it prevents irreversible structural deformations in the biomolecule. The silica matrix may exert a protective effect against enzyme denaturation even under harsh conditions, as recently reported by Frenkel-Mullerad and Avnir [56] for physically trapped phosphatase enzymes within silica matrices (Figure 1.3). A wide number of organoalkoxy- and alkoxy-silanes have been employed for this purpose, as extensively reviewed by Gill and Ballesteros [57], and the resulting materials have been applied in the construction of optical and electrochemical biosensor devices. Optimization of the sol-gel process is required to prevent denaturation of encapsulated enzymes. Alcohol released during the... 

Gregoriadis G, Allison AC. Entrapment of proteins in liposomes prevents allergic reactions in pre-immunized mice. EEBS Lett 1974 45 71-74. 

Imai, Masanao, Entrapment of Proteins in Soybean Phosphatidycholine Vesicles, 6, 361. 

Interaction between protein and polymer Preventing adsorption by modifying hydrophilicity of the polymer surface/ pre-entrapment of protein in the hydrophilic core/ including adsorption competitors. ... 

Such behavior can be explained as follows when batch adsorption is performed above the volume phase transition temperature (1) the mechanical entrapment of protein molecules in the interfacial shell layer due to the poly(NlPAM) tentacles (octopus-like adsorption process) and... 

However, the main goal was to study the behavior and performance of a novel bioartificial material (obtained with an innovative method involving prefreezing and inversion steps) as a suitable matrix for the entrapment of proteins or enzymes in a stable manner. The tests performed (determination of enzyme activity, determination of and V ax kinetic parameters, repeatability test) confirmed both that the enzyme immobilised in the bioartificial polymeric matrix maintained its catalytic activity unchanged and that the catalytic reaction rate was comparable with that of the free a-amylase reaction (used as control). 

Hayadii, Y., Yoshioka, S., Aso, Y., Po, A. L. W., and Terao, T., 1994, Entrapment of proteins in poly(L-lactide) microspheres using reversed micelle solvent extraction, Pharm. Res. 11 337-340. 

Twenty-five years ago, a straightforward procedure of biomolecule immobilization based on the entrapment of proteins in polymer films during... 

Physical Entrapment of Proteins into Hydrogels General Principles and Release Mechanisms... 

This method has been primarily exploited for the entrapment of biomolecules such as proteins. The entrapment of proteins into nanoparticles still remains a difficult task, since each protein is characterized by a number of essential properties that might be somehow different... 

---