Respiratory failure enteral nutrition

Supportive care may include hydration, enteral tube or parenteral nutrition, nasogastric suctioning for ileus, bowel and bladder care, prevention and treatment of decubitus ulcers, prevention and treatment of deep venous thromboses, intensive care, mechanical ventilation, treatment of secondary infections, and monitoring for impending respiratory failure (36,38). 

When oral feedings are not adequate, the enteral route is preferred for nutritional support in pulmonary patients who have a functional gut and can meet their needs through this route. In acute respiratory failure PN is often recommended when the GI tract is not usable, or as a supplement to EN if sufficient energy intake is otherwise not possible. ... 

Patel U, Sriram K. Acute respiratory failure due to refeeding syndrome and hypophosphatemia induced by hypocaloric enteral nutrition. Nutrition 2009 25 364-7. 

Malnutrition is still an underestimated problem in the ICU among patients with chronic respiratory failure, and, therefore, a nutritional assessment is an important part of the management of patients requiring ventilation (90). Appropriate nutrition makes a valuable contribution to outcomes in the ICU and whether feeding is oral, enteral, or parenteral, it should be organized to provide the best caloric and metabolic daily intake. 

Pingleton SK. Enteral nutrition in patients with respiratory disease. Eur Respir J 19% 9 364-370. Hill NS. Failure to wean. In Fishman AP, ed. Pulm Rehabil. New York Marcel-Dekker,... 

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