Enhancer primary alcohol formed from

The proposed mechanism of the reaction is outlined in Scheme 1. Comparably with the described conversion 1— 2, after protonation of the alcohols 4b and 4c water is eliminated to form the carbenium ions 5b,c. As mentioned, 4a is reluctant to undergo the rearrangement. Obviously, under the conditions applied the elimination of water from the primary alcohol 4a fails and therefore the whole process cannot occur. Despite the delocalization of the positive charge in 5b,c and the enhanced stability of the carbenium ion, one trimethylsilyl group migrates from the central silicon atom to the neighboring carbon atom, generating the transient silylium ions 6b,c. Attack of the... 

Surface modifications of polymers is brought about by the introduction of alcohol functionality, e.g., poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) on reduction with sodium naphthalide in THF results in an unsaturated modified surface layer, the thickness of which is controlled with reaction time and temperature. The air sensitive surface contains alcohols, ketones, aliphatic C-H bonds in addition to C=C and C C. The more alcoholic groups are introduced by hydroboration-oxidation, but the esterification leads to the formation of ester in lower yield. This reveals that the reactivity of OH group is similar to hindered alcohols. The reactivity of the surface can be enhanced by chain extension of secondary surface alcohols with ethylene oxide to form a surface containing primary alcohols groups separated from the polymer backbone by C-2 spacer. On the other hand, primary alcohols are directly introduced to the surface by reaction of the reduced layer with 9-BBN, followed by carbonylation and reduction [5]. 

A peak at m/z 30 is good though not conclusive evidence for a straight-chain primary amine. Further decomposition of the first-formed ion from a secondary or tertiary amine leads to a peak at m/z 30, 44, 58, 72,. ... This is a process similar to that described for aliphatic alcohols and ethers above and, similarly, is enhanced by branching at one of the a-carbon atoms ... 

Here, the use of cesium bases is crucial due to the inherently enhanced nucleo-philicities of the corresponding cesium alkoxides generated in situ from various aliphatic alcohols. Primary and secondary alcohols are easily incorporated into CO2, and then the products, in turn, react with diverse halides, including secondary bromides, which are usually resistant to alkylations due to eliminations. The stereochemical sense is lost to a negligible extent, if at all. Using chiral templates, carbonates are formed efficiently without any elimination or hydrolysis, and little or no racemization is observed [711]. 

Photodecarboxylation of the dissociated form of a-hydroxy-substituted arylacetic acids and related substrates occurs from the singlet excited state (SJ and leads to the corresponding benzyl alcohols with high quantum yields (O = 0.2 to 0.7) via a heterolytic mechanism (Scheme 2). Photodecarboxylation of some diarylacetic acids (Scheme 2) also proceeds from Sj via heterolytic mechanism. It is remarkable that these compounds show dramatic differences in their relative photodecarboxylation efhciency (O = 0.04 to 0.6). The reaction is enhanced when a cyclic delocalized carbanion with 4n electrons is formed. By contrast, photodecarboxylation of m- and p-nitrophenylacetic acids in aqueous solutions occurs via a heterolytic mechanism from Tj." The photodecarboxylation of pyruvic and benzoylformic acids takes place with high quantum yields ( 5 > 0.6) in aqueous solutions, to give acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde, respectively as the primary photoproducts. On the other hand, 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridinylacetic acids undergo photodecarboxylation in aqueous solutions via a heterolytic mechanism from their zwitterionic forms. 

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