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Enhanced Natural Attenuation

Keywords Biodegradation Ground water Enhanced natural attenuation MTBE... [Pg.140]

Natural attenuation (NA) and enhanced natural attenuation (ENA) are possible low-cost alternatives to conventional techniques. During the NA process, pollutants are removed from ground water by different processes including volatilization, adsorption, dispersion, hydrolysis and biodegradation. [Pg.141]

Biological In-Situ Remediation (Enhanced Natural Attenuation). 266... [Pg.249]

Due to the often observable limited natural decay of MTBE in the field the use of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) has to be seen with caution. At sites that are characterized by a higher groimdwater velocity, the application of MNA is hardly possible. A meaningful use of natural attenuation is limited to the employment of ENA (enhanced natural attenuation). [Pg.269]

The logical consequence is to improve the biological decay of MTBE by applying enhanced natural attenuation to such an extent that this technol-... [Pg.272]

The Spittelwasser example (see Section 8.3.2) indicated that, unlike problems related to conventional polluted sites, the hazards here are primarily connected with the transport and deposition of contaminated solids in a catchment area, especially in downstream regions. Any problem solution strategy for such sites, therefore, has to consider both the chemical stabilization - for example, by processes of (enhanced) natural attenuation - and an increase in mechanical stability (reduced erodibility). [Pg.161]

Consideration of MNA as a remedy or remedy component is the result of a complex process including evaluation of MNA along with other remedial approaches and technologies. In particular, source control measures should be evaluated for all sites and implemented at most sites where practicable. These measures include the removal, treatment or containment of sources (US EPA 1999). If human action is involved to accelerate the attenuation processes the term Enhanced Natural Attenuation (ENA) is used. [Pg.206]

For exploration, monitoring and evaluation of (enhanced) natural attenuation processes it is important to imderstand the possibilities and restrictions of the common monitoring systems such as (multi-level) sampling wells, dosimeters or immission calculations. The influence of heterogeneity on sampled concentrations in a given observation well has already been demonstrated in Section 9.2.2, now we will focus on the problem of installation of a set of sampling wells to measure the concentrations in the subsurface as accurately as possible. [Pg.166]

Natural attenuation is a cheap but slow process. Economic utilization of contaminated areas needs an enhancement of natural remediation processes. Techniques of enhanced natural attenuation (ENA) may involve the addition of electron... [Pg.459]

Electrochemical bioremediation is a new and promising method to enhance natural attenuation. Several electrochemical techniques for bioremediation are in different stages of development from laboratory studies, e.g., electrochemical biostimulation, to field... [Pg.461]


See other pages where Enhanced Natural Attenuation is mentioned: [Pg.26]    [Pg.63]    [Pg.139]    [Pg.139]    [Pg.140]    [Pg.141]    [Pg.143]    [Pg.145]    [Pg.147]    [Pg.153]    [Pg.155]    [Pg.157]    [Pg.267]    [Pg.425]    [Pg.170]    [Pg.170]    [Pg.170]    [Pg.3]    [Pg.1618]    [Pg.1618]    [Pg.1702]    [Pg.459]    [Pg.1141]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.63 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.266 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.206 ]




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