Engorged toxicity

Dalhamn (1957) exposed four rats to approximately 260 ppm (728 mg/m ) of chlorine dioxide for 2 hours. One of the rats died during exposure and the remaining three rats were sacrificed immediately following the 2-hour exposure period. Microscopic examination revealed pulmonary edema and circulatory engorgement. Dalhamn (1957) also reported death in three of five rats exposed to approximately 10 ppm (28 mg/m ) of chlorine dioxide, 4 hours/day for up to nine exposures in a 13-day period clinical signs of toxicity included rhinorrhea and altered respiration. 

Dopamine agonists were used in the past to prevent breast engorgement when breast-feeding was not desired. Their use for this purpose has been discouraged because of toxicity (see Toxicity Contraindications). 

Heptachlor induces tremors, convulsions, paralysis, and hypothermia in rats. Young calves fed with different doses (2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg/day) of heptachlor formulation for 3 to 15 days showed muscle spasms in the head and neck region, convulsive seizures, elevated body temperatures, and engorged brain blood vessels. The photoisomer of heptachlor (photoheptachlor) and the major metabolite of heptachlor (heptachlor epoxide) are considered more toxic than the parent compound. 

CVD, especially lupus, and drug toxicity can cause a picture of DAD identical to AIP. Histologic clues to the presence of CVD include pleural inflammation, follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, and the presence of capillaritis, which is engorgement of alveolar capillaries with numerous neutrophils (14). 

Inadvertent intravenous injection of the local anaesthetic agent (especially possible in the thin-walled and engorged epidural veins during labour) can lead to acute systemic toxicity convulsions occurring within 30 seconds of epidural injection of bupi-vacaine have been described in 4 obstetric cases (5 ). 

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